{"title":"Cancer to Cataracts: The Mechanistic Impact of Aldo-Keto Reductases in Chronic Diseases.","authors":"Anirudh P Shanbhag, Purnendu Bhowmik","doi":"10.59249/VTBV6559","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aldo-keto reductases (AKRs) are a superfamily of promiscuous enzymes that have been chiseled by evolution to act as catalysts for numerous regulatory pathways in humans. However, they have not lost their promiscuity in the process, essentially making them a double-edged sword. The superfamily is involved in multiple metabolic pathways and are linked to chronic diseases such as cataracts, diabetes, and various cancers. Unlike other detoxifying enzymes such as cytochrome P450s (CYP450s), short-chain dehydrogenases (SDRs), and medium-chain dehydrogenases (MDRs), that participate in essential pathways, AKRs are more widely distributed and have members with interchangeable functions. Moreover, their promiscuity is ubiquitous across all species and participates in the resistance of pathogenic microbes. Moreover, the introduction of synthetic substrates, such as synthetic molecules and processed foods, results in unwanted \"toxification\" due to enzyme promiscuity, leading to chronic diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":48617,"journal":{"name":"Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5000,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11202113/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.59249/VTBV6559","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2024/6/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"BIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Aldo-keto reductases (AKRs) are a superfamily of promiscuous enzymes that have been chiseled by evolution to act as catalysts for numerous regulatory pathways in humans. However, they have not lost their promiscuity in the process, essentially making them a double-edged sword. The superfamily is involved in multiple metabolic pathways and are linked to chronic diseases such as cataracts, diabetes, and various cancers. Unlike other detoxifying enzymes such as cytochrome P450s (CYP450s), short-chain dehydrogenases (SDRs), and medium-chain dehydrogenases (MDRs), that participate in essential pathways, AKRs are more widely distributed and have members with interchangeable functions. Moreover, their promiscuity is ubiquitous across all species and participates in the resistance of pathogenic microbes. Moreover, the introduction of synthetic substrates, such as synthetic molecules and processed foods, results in unwanted "toxification" due to enzyme promiscuity, leading to chronic diseases.
期刊介绍：
The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine (YJBM) is a graduate and medical student-run, peer-reviewed, open-access journal dedicated to the publication of original research articles, scientific reviews, articles on medical history, personal perspectives on medicine, policy analyses, case reports, and symposia related to biomedical matters. YJBM is published quarterly and aims to publish articles of interest to both physicians and scientists. YJBM is and has been an internationally distributed journal with a long history of landmark articles. Our contributors feature a notable list of philosophers, statesmen, scientists, and physicians, including Ernst Cassirer, Harvey Cushing, Rene Dubos, Edward Kennedy, Donald Seldin, and Jack Strominger. Our Editorial Board consists of students and faculty members from Yale School of Medicine and Yale University Graduate School of Arts & Sciences. All manuscripts submitted to YJBM are first evaluated on the basis of scientific quality, originality, appropriateness, contribution to the field, and style. Suitable manuscripts are then subject to rigorous, fair, and rapid peer review.
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