The effects of swimming training at different temperatures along with cinnamon supplementation on liver enzymes and thyroid hormones in diabetic rats.

IF 1.9 Q3 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL

Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI:10.22038/AJP.2023.23248

Sepehr Arammi, Massoud Sahragard, Asiye Seyed, Omidreza Salehi, Seyed Ali Hosseini, Zahra Mosallanezhad

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Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of swimming (S) training in water at 5°C (S5C) and 35°C (S35C) along with cinnamon (Cin) supplementationon liver enzymes and thyroid hormones in streptozotocin (STZ(-induced diabetic rats.

Materials and methods: In this experimental trial, 48 diabetic rats (55 mg/kg STZ) were divided into (1) diabetic control (CD), (2) S5C, (3) S5C+Cin, (4) S35C, (5) S35C+Cin and (6) Cin groups.Eight rats were placed in the healthy control (HC) group to evaluate the effects of diabetes induction on the research variables. Swimming training was performed at 5±2°C and 35±2°C for eight weeks, 3 days a week.For Cin supplementation, 200 mg/kg/day of the aqueous extract of cinnamon was dissolved in the animals drinking water. One-way analysis of variance with Tukey's post- hoc test in Graphpad Prism software was used to analyze the findings.

Results: S5C and S35C significantly increased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and decreased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT)(p≤0.05). TSH levels in the S35C group were higher than the S5C group (p≥0.05); ALT levels in the S5C group were lower than the S35C group (p≥0.05). Also, Cin decreased AST and ALT levels (p≥0.05), while S35C+Cin decreased T3, ALP and ALT and S5C+Cin decreased ALP (p≥0.05).

Conclusion: It seems that training at different temperatures and consumption of cinnamon synergistically lead to improvement of liver enzymes and modulation of thyroid hormones. However, the effect of training in cold water and its impact on thyroid hormones is still unknown and needs further research.

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在不同温度下进行游泳训练并补充肉桂对糖尿病大鼠肝酶和甲状腺激素的影响

研究目的本研究旨在探讨在5°C（S5C）和35°C（S35C）水中进行游泳（S）训练并补充肉桂（Cin）对链脲佐菌素（STZ）诱导的糖尿病大鼠肝酶和甲状腺激素的影响：本实验将 48 只糖尿病大鼠（55 mg/kg STZ）分为(1) 糖尿病对照组 (CD)、(2) S5C 组、(3) S5C+Cin 组、(4) S35C 组、(5) S35C+Cin 组和 (6) Cin 组。在5±2°C和35±2°C条件下进行游泳训练，为期8周，每周3天。使用 Graphpad Prism 软件中的单因素方差分析和 Tukey 后检验分析结果：结果：S5C和S35C能明显增加促甲状腺激素（TSH），降低碱性磷酸酶（ALP）和丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）（p≤0.05）。S35C组的TSH水平高于S5C组（P≥0.05）；S5C组的ALT水平低于S35C组（P≥0.05）。此外，Cin 降低了 AST 和 ALT 水平（p≥0.05），而 S35C+Cin 降低了 T3、ALP 和 ALT，S5C+Cin 降低了 ALP（p≥0.05）：不同温度下的训练和食用肉桂似乎能协同改善肝酶和调节甲状腺激素。然而，在冷水中训练的效果及其对甲状腺激素的影响仍是未知数，需要进一步研究。

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