Changes in prevalence and socioeconomic inequalities in secondhand smoke exposure in Spanish children, 2016-2019.

IF 2.2 4区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Tobacco Induced Diseases Pub Date : 2024-06-21 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI:10.18332/tid/189392

Marta Sanz-Mas, Xavier Continente, Elisabet Henderson, Esteve Fernández, Anna Schiaffino, Mónica Pérez-Ríos, Albert Espelt, Mònica Guxens, Maria José López

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Introduction: Children are vulnerable to secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure, especially those with lower socioeconomic status. This study assesses the changes in prevalence and socioeconomic inequalities in SHS exposure in children younger than 12 years old in Spain between 2016 and 2019.

Methods: We conducted two cross-sectional studies among representative samples of households with children aged <12 years in Spain, in 2016 (n=2411) and 2019 (n=2412). Families were interviewed to assess children's SHS exposure in private settings and outdoor public venues and their adoption of home and car smoke-free rules. We used the education level of the home main earner as a proxy for socioeconomic position. Changes over time in the prevalence and socioeconomic inequalities of SHS exposure and smoke-free rules were estimated through adjusted Poisson regression models with robust variance according to sociodemographic covariates (adjusted prevalence ratios, APRs).

Results: In 2019, 70.5% of children were exposed to SHS in Spain. No changes between 2016 and 2019 were found for overall SHS exposure, exposure at home, and at school entrances. SHS exposure increased at public transport stations (APR=1.24; 95% CI: 1.03-1.49) and outdoor hospitality venues (APR=1.17; 95% CI: 1.07-1.29) while it decreased in cars (APR=0.74; 95% CI: 0.56-0.98) and parks (APR=0.87; 95% CI: 0.77-0.98). Households with lower education level had higher prevalence of SHS exposure at home in 2019 compared with those with university studies (primary: APR=1.30; 95% CI: 1.11-1.51; secondary: APR=1.12; 95% CI: 1.00-1.25) and were less likely to adopt home indoor smoke-free rules (primary: APR=0.88; 95% CI: 0.79-0.99; secondary: APR=0.95; 95% CI: 0.89-1.02). Socioeconomic inequalities in SHS exposure at home persisted between 2016 and 2019 (p>0.05), while decreased in smoke-free rules in cars (p=0.039).

Conclusions: Reported SHS exposure among children in Spain remained high between 2016 and 2019. Inequalities persisted at home, highlighting the need for measures to reduce such exposure with an equity perspective.

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2016-2019 年西班牙儿童二手烟暴露流行率和社会经济不平等的变化。

导言：儿童很容易受到二手烟（SHS）的影响，尤其是社会经济地位较低的儿童。本研究评估了2016年至2019年期间西班牙12岁以下儿童SHS暴露的流行率和社会经济不平等的变化情况：我们对有年龄在 12 岁以下儿童的代表性家庭样本进行了两项横断面研究：2019 年，西班牙有 70.5% 的儿童暴露于 SHS。在 2016 年至 2019 年期间，整体 SHS 暴露量、家庭暴露量和学校门口暴露量均未发生变化。公共交通站（APR=1.24；95% CI：1.03-1.49）和户外招待场所（APR=1.17；95% CI：1.07-1.29）的SHS暴露量有所增加，而汽车（APR=0.74；95% CI：0.56-0.98）和公园（APR=0.87；95% CI：0.77-0.98）的SHS暴露量则有所减少。与受过大学教育的家庭相比，教育程度较低的家庭在 2019 年的家庭中暴露于 SHS 的流行率更高（小学：APR=1.30；95% CI：1.11-1.51；中学：APR=1.12；95% CI：1.00-1.25），并且不太可能采用家庭室内无烟规则（小学：APR=0.88；95% CI：0.79-0.99；中学：APR=0.95；95% CI：0.89-1.02）。2016年至2019年期间，家庭中SHS暴露的社会经济不平等现象持续存在（p>0.05），而汽车中无烟规则的社会经济不平等现象则有所减少（p=0.039）：2016年至2019年期间，西班牙儿童报告的SHS暴露量仍然很高。家庭中的不平等现象依然存在，这凸显了从公平角度采取措施减少此类暴露的必要性。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Tobacco Induced Diseases SUBSTANCE ABUSE-PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

CiteScore

5.30

自引率

5.40%

发文量

审稿时长

12 weeks

期刊介绍： Tobacco Induced Diseases encompasses all aspects of research related to the prevention and control of tobacco use at a global level. Preventing diseases attributable to tobacco is only one aspect of the journal, whose overall scope is to provide a forum for the publication of research articles that can contribute to reducing the burden of tobacco induced diseases globally. To address this epidemic we believe that there must be an avenue for the publication of research/policy activities on tobacco control initiatives that may be very important at a regional and national level. This approach provides a very important "hands on" service to the tobacco control community at a global scale - as common problems have common solutions. Hence, we see ourselves as "connectors" within this global community. The journal hence encourages the submission of articles from all medical, biological and psychosocial disciplines, ranging from medical and dental clinicians, through health professionals to basic biomedical and clinical scientists.