Update on common Bartonella infections

Abstract

This comprehensive review provides updates on the epidemiology, clinical presentations, and diagnostic methods for the most common Bartonella species causing human disease, including B. henselae, B. quintana, and B. bacilliformis. We highlight the distinctive transmission dynamics and clinical manifestations associated with each species, such as cat-scratch disease, trench fever, and Carrion's disease. The review also evaluates the advantages and limitations of serological and molecular diagnostic techniques, emphasizing the importance of integrating clinical evaluation with laboratory testing for accurate diagnosis and effective management of Bartonella infections.