Evaluation of Virtual Reality in the Reduction of Pain During Dressing Changes in Patients With Burn Wounds: A Pilot Study.

Abstract

Burn injuries are among the most common life-threatening injuries for which medical attention is sought, and are accompanied by intense, severe pain, particularly during treatment. Burn therapy pain management with opioid and nonopioid analgesics is often insufficient when administered alone. Virtual reality (VR) interfaces provide an immersive experience that has demonstrable therapeutic benefits, including distraction from, and reduction of, pain. In this interventional pilot study, we assessed the correlation between VR and passive distraction and pain tolerance during burn wound treatment. This pilot study assessed patients undergoing burn wound dressing changes while receiving both pharmacological and VR intervention. Questionnaires and evaluation forms were subjectively completed by both patients and medical staff before and after treatment, and clinical metrics were recorded throughout the treatment. Forty-one patients ≥18 years old and 76.9% male that had primarily undergone ≥4 dressing changes before the study were included. Correlations were found between VR engagement during treatment and a decrease in subjective levels of nausea, anxiety, and pain sensation. Furthermore, high levels of VR engagement were correlated with high levels of VR enjoyment. These results suggest that highly engaging and enjoyable VR interfaces may reduce sensations of anxiety and pain in burn patients during dressing changes. Furthermore, these data suggest that VR technology may be applied as an adjunct therapy to pharmacological treatment in the standardization of burn wound care management. Further studies with control groups and larger sample populations are needed for better quantification of these benefits.