Nanocrystals in Drug Delivery: A Cutting-Edge Approach for Enhanced Therapeutic Values

Abstract

Nanocrystals, composed of a few hundred to tens of thousands of atoms, coalesce to form crystalline clusters, revolutionizing the landscape of pharmaceutical compounds. These clusters, often referred to as “clusters,” serve as crystalline structures that wield significant influence over the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of diverse pharmacological agents. Employed for various applications, nanocrystals play a pivotal role in safeguarding drug entities during systemic circulation within the body. The production of nanocrystals employs diverse methodologies, including spray drying, top-down approaches, bottom-up strategies, and innovative techniques. The formulation of nanocrystals yields a spectrum of advantages, such as augmenting oral bioavailability, optimizing dose proportionality, mitigating food-related effects, ensuring suitability for administration through diverse routes, and enabling sterile filtration due to a more confined particle size range. The selection of the appropriate method is contingent upon the specific target sites and the drug's capacity to reach the intended site of action consistently and at a controlled rate. This exploration delves into several facets of nanocrystals in drug delivery, shedding light on their multifaceted uses within the pharmaceutical realm.