Extracellular vesicles.

IF 3.3 3区生物学 Q2 GENETICS & HEREDITY

Genetics Pub Date : 2024-08-07 DOI:10.1093/genetics/iyae088

Juan Wang, Maureen M Barr, Ann M Wehman

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) encompass a diverse array of membrane-bound organelles released outside cells in response to developmental and physiological cell needs. EVs play important roles in remodeling the shape and content of differentiating cells and can rescue damaged cells from toxic or dysfunctional content. EVs can send signals and transfer metabolites between tissues and organisms to regulate development, respond to stress or tissue damage, or alter mating behaviors. While many EV functions have been uncovered by characterizing ex vivo EVs isolated from body fluids and cultured cells, research using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has provided insights into the in vivo functions, biogenesis, and uptake pathways. The C. elegans EV field has also developed methods to analyze endogenous EVs within the organismal context of development and adult physiology in free-living, behaving animals. In this review, we summarize major themes that have emerged for C. elegans EVs and their relevance to human health and disease. We also highlight the diversity of biogenesis mechanisms, locations, and functions of worm EVs and discuss open questions and unexplored topics tenable in C. elegans, given the nematode model is ideal for light and electron microscopy, genetic screens, genome engineering, and high-throughput omics.

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细胞外囊泡

细胞外囊泡（EVs）包括各种膜结合细胞器，它们根据细胞的发育和生理需求被释放到细胞外。EVs在重塑分化细胞的形状和内容物方面发挥着重要作用，并能从有毒或功能失调的内容物中拯救受损细胞。EV可在组织和生物体之间传递信号和代谢物，以调节发育、应对压力或组织损伤，或改变交配行为。通过对从体液和培养细胞中分离出来的体内外 EV 进行表征，我们发现了许多 EV 的功能，而利用秀丽隐杆线虫（Caenorhabditis elegans）进行的研究则让我们对体内 EV 的功能、生物生成和吸收途径有了更深入的了解。线虫 EV 领域还开发出了在自由生活、有行为的动物的发育和成体生理学的有机体背景下分析内源性 EV 的方法。在这篇综述中，我们总结了线虫 EVs 出现的主要主题及其与人类健康和疾病的相关性。我们还强调了蠕虫 EVs 的生物发生机制、位置和功能的多样性，并讨论了线虫的开放性问题和尚未探索的课题，因为线虫模型是光镜和电子显微镜、基因筛选、基因组工程和高通量组学的理想选择。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Genetics GENETICS & HEREDITY-

CiteScore

6.90

自引率

6.10%

发文量

177

审稿时长

1.5 months

期刊介绍： GENETICS is published by the Genetics Society of America, a scholarly society that seeks to deepen our understanding of the living world by advancing our understanding of genetics. Since 1916, GENETICS has published high-quality, original research presenting novel findings bearing on genetics and genomics. The journal publishes empirical studies of organisms ranging from microbes to humans, as well as theoretical work. While it has an illustrious history, GENETICS has changed along with the communities it serves: it is not your mentor''s journal. The editors make decisions quickly – in around 30 days – without sacrificing the excellence and scholarship for which the journal has long been known. GENETICS is a peer reviewed, peer-edited journal, with an international reach and increasing visibility and impact. All editorial decisions are made through collaboration of at least two editors who are practicing scientists. GENETICS is constantly innovating: expanded types of content include Reviews, Commentary (current issues of interest to geneticists), Perspectives (historical), Primers (to introduce primary literature into the classroom), Toolbox Reviews, plus YeastBook, FlyBook, and WormBook (coming spring 2016). For particularly time-sensitive results, we publish Communications. As part of our mission to serve our communities, we''ve published thematic collections, including Genomic Selection, Multiparental Populations, Mouse Collaborative Cross, and the Genetics of Sex.