Nonconforming gender expression and adolescent anabolic-androgenic steroids misuse.

IF 3.4 3区医学 Q1 PEDIATRICS

Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health Pub Date : 2024-06-06 DOI:10.1186/s13034-024-00761-9

Ruili Li, Yuexi Liu, Qiguo Lian

{"title":"Nonconforming gender expression and adolescent anabolic-androgenic steroids misuse.","authors":"Ruili Li, Yuexi Liu, Qiguo Lian","doi":"10.1186/s13034-024-00761-9","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Background: Gender nonconformity (GNC) is an under-researched area of adolescent health that is of increasing interest to researchers and general public. However, little is known about whether it is associated with anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) misuse. We aimed to investigate the association among high school students using a cross-sectional design.Methods: We pooled the 6 school districts data from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey in 2017 and 2019. We compared the prevalence of AAS misuse among gender nonconforming and conforming students. AAS misuse was determined on the reported experience of lifetime non-prescription steroid use. GNC was derived from perceived gender expression and sex. We estimated the sex-stratified adjusted odds ratios (AORs) for the association of GNC with AAS misuse after adjusting for race/ethnicity, grade, and sexual orientation.Results: The study population consisted of 17,754 US high school students including 9143 (49.67%) female students. Among female students, GNC was significantly associated with moderate (AOR, 3.69; 95% CI 1.28-10.62; P = 0.016) and severe (AOR, 5.00; 95% CI 1.05-23.76; P = 0.043) AAS misuse, but not with any AAS misuse (AOR, 0.85; 95% CI 0.34-2.14; P = 0.734). Among male students, GNC was significantly associated with any (AOR, 4.75; 95% CI 2.93-7.69; P < 0.001), moderate (AOR, 4.86; 95% CI 2.66-8.89; P < 0.001) and severe (AOR, 4.13; 95% CI 1.43-11.95; P = 0.009) AAS misuse. We did not observe a dose-response relationship between GNC and any AAS misuse in female and male students.Conclusions: This study suggests that AAS misuse is associated with GNC among female and male adolescents.","PeriodicalId":9934,"journal":{"name":"Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":"18 1","pages":"65"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4000,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11157812/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-024-00761-9","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"PEDIATRICS","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Gender nonconformity (GNC) is an under-researched area of adolescent health that is of increasing interest to researchers and general public. However, little is known about whether it is associated with anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) misuse. We aimed to investigate the association among high school students using a cross-sectional design.

Methods: We pooled the 6 school districts data from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey in 2017 and 2019. We compared the prevalence of AAS misuse among gender nonconforming and conforming students. AAS misuse was determined on the reported experience of lifetime non-prescription steroid use. GNC was derived from perceived gender expression and sex. We estimated the sex-stratified adjusted odds ratios (AORs) for the association of GNC with AAS misuse after adjusting for race/ethnicity, grade, and sexual orientation.

Results: The study population consisted of 17,754 US high school students including 9143 (49.67%) female students. Among female students, GNC was significantly associated with moderate (AOR, 3.69; 95% CI 1.28-10.62; P = 0.016) and severe (AOR, 5.00; 95% CI 1.05-23.76; P = 0.043) AAS misuse, but not with any AAS misuse (AOR, 0.85; 95% CI 0.34-2.14; P = 0.734). Among male students, GNC was significantly associated with any (AOR, 4.75; 95% CI 2.93-7.69; P < 0.001), moderate (AOR, 4.86; 95% CI 2.66-8.89; P < 0.001) and severe (AOR, 4.13; 95% CI 1.43-11.95; P = 0.009) AAS misuse. We did not observe a dose-response relationship between GNC and any AAS misuse in female and male students.

Conclusions: This study suggests that AAS misuse is associated with GNC among female and male adolescents.

查看原文本刊更多论文

性别表现不一致与青少年合成代谢雄性类固醇的滥用。

背景：性别不一致（GNC）是青少年健康中一个研究不足的领域，研究人员和公众对它的兴趣与日俱增。然而，人们对其是否与合成代谢雄性类固醇（AAS）滥用有关却知之甚少。我们的目的是采用横断面设计调查高中生中的这种关联：我们汇集了 2017 年和 2019 年青少年风险行为调查的 6 个学区数据。我们比较了性别不一致学生和性别一致学生中滥用 AAS 的流行率。AAS滥用是根据报告的终生非处方类固醇使用经历确定的。GNC 是根据感知到的性别表达和性别得出的。在对种族/民族、年级和性取向进行调整后，我们估算了 GNC 与滥用 AAS 之间的性别分层调整几率比（AORs）：研究对象包括 17754 名美国高中生，其中包括 9143 名女生（49.67%）。在女生中，GNC与中度（AOR，3.69；95% CI 1.28-10.62；P = 0.016）和重度（AOR，5.00；95% CI 1.05-23.76；P = 0.043）AAS滥用显著相关，但与任何AAS滥用无关（AOR，0.85；95% CI 0.34-2.14；P = 0.734）。在男生中，GNC与任何滥用AAS行为都有显著相关性（AOR，4.75；95% CI 2.93-7.69；P 结论：GNC与任何滥用AAS行为都有显著相关性：本研究表明，在女性和男性青少年中，滥用 AAS 与 GNC 相关。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health PEDIATRICSPSYCHIATRY-PSYCHIATRY

CiteScore

7.00

自引率

3.60%

发文量

审稿时长

16 weeks

期刊介绍： Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, the official journal of the International Association for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Allied Professions, is an open access, online journal that provides an international platform for rapid and comprehensive scientific communication on child and adolescent mental health across different cultural backgrounds. CAPMH serves as a scientifically rigorous and broadly open forum for both interdisciplinary and cross-cultural exchange of research information, involving psychiatrists, paediatricians, psychologists, neuroscientists, and allied disciplines. The journal focusses on improving the knowledge base for the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of mental health conditions in children and adolescents, and aims to integrate basic science, clinical research and the practical implementation of research findings. In addition, aspects which are still underrepresented in the traditional journals such as neurobiology and neuropsychology of psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence are considered.