Comparative characteristics of the nasal airflow aerodynamic parameters in patients with nasal septum deformation and healthy participants

Abstract

Surgical treatment of nasal septum deviation or deformity (NSD) is a common method of treatment. The quality of treatment is assessed visually with rhinoscopy, taking into account subjective patient sensations. However, there are still no objective criteria for assessing nasal airflow improvement, which complicates the evaluation of patient breathing after treatment. We used a novel CFD modeling method to create a virtual airflow model and determine flow parameters in the nasal cavity in normal and pathological conditions.Objective: to compare the aerodynamic characteristics of airflow in patients with NSD and healthy nasal cavities.Material and methods: the study used electronic files of computed tomography scans of the nasal sinuses of 60 patients with NSD and 21 healthy participants. Specific software (3D slicer, Ansys Fluent) was used to obtain airflow parameters; 3D models of the nasal cavity airflow were created, and CFD flow modeling was conducted.Results: in patients with NSD, flow velocity ranged from 5.17 to 15.63 m/s, in healthy individuals from 1.1 to 2.0 m/s; pressure force on the nasal walls ranged from 2.20 to 10.20 Pa in patients with NSD, in healthy individuals from 0.60 to 1.00 Pa; flow temperature ranged from 26.45 to 36.80 °C in patients with NSD, in healthy individuals from 20.14 to 24.40 °C; flow partial pressure ranged from –120.60 to –0.01 Pa in patients with NSD, in healthy individuals from 2.00 to –4.80 Pa, p < 0.0001. Conclusion: Aerodynamic characteristics of nasal cavity airflow in patients with nasal septum deviation significantly differ from those in healthy individuals. The application of CFD modeling of nasal airflow will assist clinicians in objectively assessing nasal breathing in NSD, as well as surgical treatment outcomes and quality assessment in otorhinolaryngological practice.