Terpyridine complexes as superior catalysts for methylene blue dye degradation: Synthesis, characterization, mechanistic insights, kinetic study and recyclability assessment
Ehsan Ullah Mughal , Syeda Fariha Kainat , Nafeesa Naeem , Muhammad Imran , Ayesha Javaid , Amina Sadiq , Abdullah Yahya Abdullah Alzahrani , Sana Ben Moussa , Saleh A. Ahmed
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
This manuscript investigates the catalytic potential of terpyridine-based metal complexes (C1–C6) in the efficient degradation of methylene blue dye. The synthesized terpyridine complexes were characterized using various spectroscopic techniques, and their catalytic activity was evaluated in the degradation of methylene blue dye under different experimental conditions. The study reveals that the target complex compounds exhibit notable catalytic efficiency, leading to the effective degradation of the envisioned dye. The reaction kinetics, mechanism, and the influence of various parameters on the catalytic performance were systematically explored. Among different synthesized complexes, Zn-complexes showed better performance than Fe-complexes. Remarkably, the complex C5 showed the best photocatalytic efficiency with a degradation of 79.84 % at optimized conditions of initial dye concentration = 15 mg/L, catalyst dosage = 10 mg, pH = 4, and temperature = 323 K. The recyclability test indicated good stability of the photocatalyst over five cycles with a very small loss of photocatalytic efficiency (∼11.64 %) and the photocatalytic reaction followed pseudo-first order kinetics with a high-rate constant of 0.009 min−1. The trapping experiment revealed the active role of hydroxyl radicals (OH•) and superoxide anions as reactive species on the basis of which a plausible degradation mechanism is proposed. This research contributes valuable insights into the development of terpyridine-based catalysts for the degradation of organic dyes, paving the way for further advancements in the field of catalysis and environmental remediation.
期刊介绍:
Dyes and Pigments covers the scientific and technical aspects of the chemistry and physics of dyes, pigments and their intermediates. Emphasis is placed on the properties of the colouring matters themselves rather than on their applications or the system in which they may be applied.
Thus the journal accepts research and review papers on the synthesis of dyes, pigments and intermediates, their physical or chemical properties, e.g. spectroscopic, surface, solution or solid state characteristics, the physical aspects of their preparation, e.g. precipitation, nucleation and growth, crystal formation, liquid crystalline characteristics, their photochemical, ecological or biological properties and the relationship between colour and chemical constitution. However, papers are considered which deal with the more fundamental aspects of colourant application and of the interactions of colourants with substrates or media.
The journal will interest a wide variety of workers in a range of disciplines whose work involves dyes, pigments and their intermediates, and provides a platform for investigators with common interests but diverse fields of activity such as cosmetics, reprographics, dye and pigment synthesis, medical research, polymers, etc.