On the state principle of classical thermodynamics

IF 0.8 4区教育学 Q3 EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES

American Journal of Physics Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI:10.1119/5.0179939

J. G. Smith, B. E. Schmidt

引用次数: 0

Abstract

We discuss the state principle of classical thermodynamics, namely that the thermodynamic state of a simple compressible system can be uniquely determined by specifying two independent properties. We show that for certain combinations of properties, one is not guaranteed to arrive at a unique state. This caveat to the state principle is illustrated with three examples, two involving liquid water and a third using real gases. Finally, we show that to guarantee a unique state for a simple compressible system, the required two independent properties must be chosen from the trio consisting of a thermodynamic potential and its two natural variables.

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关于经典热力学的状态原理

我们讨论了经典热力学的状态原理，即一个简单的可压缩系统的热力学状态可以通过指定两个独立的属性来唯一确定。我们证明，对于某些属性组合，并不能保证得出唯一的状态。我们用三个例子来说明状态原理的这一注意事项，其中两个例子涉及液态水，第三个例子涉及实际气体。最后，我们证明，要保证简单可压缩系统的唯一状态，必须从热力学势及其两个自然变量组成的三元组中选择所需的两个独立属性。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

American Journal of Physics 物理-物理：综合

CiteScore

1.80

自引率

11.10%

发文量

146

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： The mission of the American Journal of Physics (AJP) is to publish articles on the educational and cultural aspects of physics that are useful, interesting, and accessible to a diverse audience of physics students, educators, and researchers. Our audience generally reads outside their specialties to broaden their understanding of physics and to expand and enhance their pedagogical toolkits at the undergraduate and graduate levels.