A two-model integrated technology adoption framework for using blockchain in supply chain management: attitude towards blockchain as a mediator

Abstract

Purpose This study aims to investigate the intention to use blockchain technology (BT) in the context of supply chain (SC) operations through an integrated technology adoption framework using two well-known models, the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) and the technology acceptance model (TAM). Moreover, the study looked at the direct effect of TAM and UTAUT elements on attitude toward BT, as well as the role of attitude toward BT as a mediator between TAM and UTAUT elements and intention to use BT. Design/methodology/approach The study used a quantitative research method, and a structured questionnaire was used to gather primary data. The final sample, drawn using a convenience sampling that consisted of 273 managers from the Jordanian manufacturing sector. Structural equation modeling statistical method was conducted using the Smart PLS program to test hypotheses in the proposed study framework. Findings The study has provided intriguing results. It found that two UTAUT elements, namely performance expectancy and social influence and one TAM element, namely perceived usefulness, have a significant impact on the attitude toward BT. Besides that, the study found that attitude toward BT significantly mediated the relationship between UTAUT-TAM elements and intention to use BT. The findings revealed that three elements namely performance expectancy, social influence and perceived usefulness have statistical significance on intention to use BT through the mediation of attitude. Finally, there is a direct significant positive relationship between the attitude toward BT and intention to use it. Research limitations/implications The study helps decision-makers, South Carolina practitioners and academics recognize the fundamental factors that increase manufacturing firms’ intentions to use blockchain in their SCs. This gives decision-makers a better understanding of why users accept or reject BT, as well as how to improve user acceptability through technological design. Future studies should seek for a bigger sample size and use random sampling techniques. Furthermore, the study should be replicated in other industries or developing countries to validate the findings. Originality/value There is a scarcity of studies identifying the factors that increase blockchain adoption intention in SCM and developing countries. This study differs in that it examines BT intention to use in the context of SC using an integrated technology adoption framework that uses two well-known models, UTAUT and TAM, whereas other studies typically use only one model/theory. Moreover, given the importance of attitude in behavior, this study also investigated the effect of TAM-UTAUT elements on attitude toward BT, as well as the role of attitude toward BT as a mediator between TAM and UTAUT elements and intention to use BT.