{"title":"Rheological study of hybrid aqueous suspension of TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils and graphene oxide","authors":"Iris Malnarič, Matjaž Krajnc, Urška Šebenik","doi":"10.1007/s10570-024-05978-7","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>The incorporation of graphene oxide (GO) into a nanocellulose matrix has attracted considerable attention due to the unique advantages of both components. This study focuses on investigating the viscoelastic and flow properties of hybrid aqueous suspensions (2.00 w/v%), composed of TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (TOCNF) and GO at different TOCNF/GO weight ratios. To adjust the elastic properties of the hybrid suspensions, calcium ions are introduced, varying the concentration systematically to study their effects on the hybrid network structure. All blends exhibit shear-thinning behaviour and demonstrate elastic, gel-like properties. Notably, in the absence of calcium ions, the enhancement of elastic properties is more pronounced at higher GO fractions. Conversely, with the introduction of calcium ions, the enhancement of elastic properties becomes particularly important at higher TOCNF fractions. For the quantitative evaluation of these enhancements, we employ the logarithmic mixing rule. Significant positive deviations from the predictions of the logarithmic mixing rule are ascribed to the complex, concentration-dependent arrangement of cellulose nanofibrils and GO liquid crystals in the aqueous suspension, coupled with ionic crosslinking induced by calcium ions. The study aims to contribute to the understanding of the rheological behaviour of the TOCNF/GO hydrogel, showing potential advancements in various applications.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical abstract</h3>\n","PeriodicalId":511,"journal":{"name":"Cellulose","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9000,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Cellulose","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-024-05978-7","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"MATERIALS SCIENCE, PAPER & WOOD","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The incorporation of graphene oxide (GO) into a nanocellulose matrix has attracted considerable attention due to the unique advantages of both components. This study focuses on investigating the viscoelastic and flow properties of hybrid aqueous suspensions (2.00 w/v%), composed of TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (TOCNF) and GO at different TOCNF/GO weight ratios. To adjust the elastic properties of the hybrid suspensions, calcium ions are introduced, varying the concentration systematically to study their effects on the hybrid network structure. All blends exhibit shear-thinning behaviour and demonstrate elastic, gel-like properties. Notably, in the absence of calcium ions, the enhancement of elastic properties is more pronounced at higher GO fractions. Conversely, with the introduction of calcium ions, the enhancement of elastic properties becomes particularly important at higher TOCNF fractions. For the quantitative evaluation of these enhancements, we employ the logarithmic mixing rule. Significant positive deviations from the predictions of the logarithmic mixing rule are ascribed to the complex, concentration-dependent arrangement of cellulose nanofibrils and GO liquid crystals in the aqueous suspension, coupled with ionic crosslinking induced by calcium ions. The study aims to contribute to the understanding of the rheological behaviour of the TOCNF/GO hydrogel, showing potential advancements in various applications.
由于氧化石墨烯(GO)和纳米纤维素基质都具有独特的优点,因此将这两种成分结合在一起的研究备受关注。本研究的重点是研究由 TEMPO 氧化纤维素纳米纤维(TOCNF)和 GO 以不同的 TOCNF/GO 重量比组成的混合水悬浮液(2.00 w/v%)的粘弹性和流动特性。为了调整混合悬浮液的弹性特性,引入了钙离子,并系统地改变其浓度,以研究其对混合网络结构的影响。所有混合物都表现出剪切稀化行为,并显示出类似凝胶的弹性特性。值得注意的是,在没有钙离子的情况下,GO 分数越高,弹性特性的增强越明显。相反,随着钙离子的引入,弹性特性的增强在 TOCNF 分数较高时变得尤为重要。为了定量评估这些增强效果,我们采用了对数混合规则。由于纤维素纳米纤维和 GO 液晶在水悬浮液中的排列复杂且与浓度有关,再加上钙离子诱导的离子交联,因此与对数混合法则的预测结果存在明显的正偏差。该研究旨在促进对 TOCNF/GO 水凝胶流变行为的理解,并显示出在各种应用中的潜在进步。
期刊介绍:
Cellulose is an international journal devoted to the dissemination of research and scientific and technological progress in the field of cellulose and related naturally occurring polymers. The journal is concerned with the pure and applied science of cellulose and related materials, and also with the development of relevant new technologies. This includes the chemistry, biochemistry, physics and materials science of cellulose and its sources, including wood and other biomass resources, and their derivatives. Coverage extends to the conversion of these polymers and resources into manufactured goods, such as pulp, paper, textiles, and manufactured as well natural fibers, and to the chemistry of materials used in their processing. Cellulose publishes review articles, research papers, and technical notes.