Developing a framework for understanding wormholes in modified gravity: A comprehensive review

Abstract

Wormholes have captured the interest of scientists and readers of science fiction as a fascinating possibility for traveling through huge cosmic distances or presumably enabling time travel. This review aims to present a thorough overview of wormholes in the context of modified gravity, highlighting the theoretical foundations, and significant developments in this rapidly developing area. In this article, we first give an overview of the concept of a wormhole in the different frameworks of modified gravities. Then this is followed by the wormhole framework, embedding diagrams, the existence of the wormholes, and thorough analysis in various modified gravities like $f\left(R\right)$, $f\left(G\right)$, $f\left(T\right)$, $f(R,L_m)$, $f\left(R,T\right)$, $f\left(Q\right)$, and $f\left(Q,T\right)$. For distinct purposes, various models have been created. Many authors have used a variety of techniques to get a solution. Hereafter, the emphasis will be on the stability analysis of wormholes through different approaches namely Energy Conditions (ECs), Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff (TOV), Volume Integral Quantifier(VIQ), Active Gravitational Mass(AGM), and Total Gravitational Energy (TGE). The possible observable features of such wormholes are briefly discussed. All the solutions are organized by the suggested framework to demonstrate broad concepts of wormhole solutions.