Application of ultrasonic diagnostics in the study of urogenital organs of birds

Abstract

Ultrasound examination is one of the most accessible and having a high probability of competence of research of diagnostics of diseases of internal organs, which are carried out mainly in small pets. The aim of the study is to obtain information about parenchymatous organs in birds in norm and in case of pathologic changes for making or confirming clinical diagnosis. Material and methods. Ultrasound diagnostics of avian oviduct was carried out on ultrasonic diagnostic scanner ETS-D-05 "Raskan", ~ 220V, 50 Hz, 100 VA, class 1. The transducer is microconvex 7.5 MHz. Results. At ultrasound examination of the kidneys in the chicken, it was noted that the kidneys had smooth, clear boundaries. The echostructure of cortical and brain layers in the median plane is heterogeneous, echogenicity of parenchyma corresponds to the norm. The capsule is not visualized. The presence of lighter and darker areas in the parenchyma is clearly visible, which is associated with filtration of mineral substances contained in the blood. Ultrasound examination of the genitalia in the chicken was carried out in several stages. At the first stage, the presence of a mature follicle was noted. Localized volumetric formations of rounded shape - follicles at different stages of development were revealed. They have homogeneous echogenicity and echostructure of hyperechogenic character, giving a weak acoustic shadow. In the second stage of the study we noted the presence of yolk covered with vitelline shell, which is located in the central part of the albumen section of the oviduct, has a high density and good echogenicity. In the third stage, the yolk is located in the caudal part of the albumen section. At its periphery, the albumen with several layers is located. Protein section is displaced somewhat to the left, has strongly tortuous loops. The wall of the albumen is well structured, the expression of layers is weakly marked. In the cavity of the oviduct, the content of the oviduct is homogeneous with a small amount of content of liquid consistency. At the fourth stage of the study in the uterus of the oviduct, an anechogenic formation - an egg - is visualized on the echogram. In its center, a hypoechogenic structure with indistinct contours - yolk is detected. The contours of the egg are smooth, borders are indistinct. The egg completely fills the uterine cavity, the lumen between the egg and the uterine wall is absent, the uterine wall contours are clear and even with homogeneous echogenic structure, no nodular formations are detected, uterine vessels are not dilated.