Effects of Agrivoltaics on the Microclimate in Horticulture

David Jung, Frederik Schönberger, Fabian Spera
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Abstract

Chilean agriculture must adapt to climate change as droughts are already affecting the country and water availability is expected to further decline. In this context, Agrivoltaics (AV) systems, that install photovoltaic (PV) panels over crops and thus provide shading and an altered microclimate could enhance the resilience of agriculture in semi-arid zones. We compare data measured under an AV system with a reference measurement to quantify the effects of AV on microclimate in horticulture in the Metropolitan Region of Santiago, Chile. Data on irradiation, air temperature, air humidity, and wind speed allow us to compute potential evapotranspiration (PET). We observe a reduction of Global Horizontal Irradiation (GHI) under the AV system of 42%. Mainly, as a result of the decreased GHI, we derive a diminution in PET of 31%, quantifying the potential to lower the water demand of crops and thus irrigation. Measured soil moisture is on average 29% higher under the AV system compared to the reference condition, hence validating PET computations. Also, we find a more moderate climate with slightly stabilized air temperature and lower soil temperatures. Our results give a glimpse of the effects of installing PV panels over horticulture crops concerning the challenges of Chilean agriculture. AV systems have the potential to increase water availability by lowering irrigation demand and protecting crops from the effects of extreme irradiation, such as sunburn and heat stress. Thus, AV could foster the transformation of agriculture towards sustainable production systems. The documented effects should be verified over longer periods with different crops to understand the impact of AV within seasonal and interannual climatical variation and the diversity of Chilean agriculture.
农业光伏技术对园艺小气候的影响
智利农业必须适应气候变化,因为干旱已经影响到该国,而且预计供水量将进一步下降。在这种情况下,农业光伏(AV)系统可在作物上方安装光伏板,从而提供遮阳并改变小气候,从而提高半干旱地区农业的适应能力。我们比较了在反向遮阳系统下测量的数据和参考测量数据,以量化反向遮阳对智利圣地亚哥大都会地区园艺业小气候的影响。通过辐照、气温、湿度和风速数据,我们可以计算潜在蒸散量(PET)。我们观察到,在视听系统下,全球水平辐照(GHI)减少了 42%。主要由于全球水平辐照度的降低,我们推算出潜在蒸散量减少了 31%,从而量化了降低作物需水量和灌溉的潜力。与参考条件相比,在视听系统下测量到的土壤湿度平均高出 29%,从而验证了 PET 的计算结果。此外,我们还发现气候更加温和,气温略微稳定,土壤温度较低。我们的研究结果让我们看到了在园艺作物上安装光伏电池板的效果,这也是智利农业面临的挑战。视听系统有可能通过降低灌溉需求和保护作物免受极端辐照的影响(如日灼和热应力)来提高水资源的可用性。因此,反车辆可以促进农业向可持续生产系统转变。记录的效果应在不同作物的更长时期内加以验证,以了解反车辆影响在季节性和年际性气候变异以及智利农业多样性方面的影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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