Synthesis and characterization of sustainable blue dyes: Enhancing diffusion on nylon fabrics with supercritical CO2 for eco-friendly dyeing methods

Abstract

A very convenient method was developed to synthesize five dispersed anthraquinone dyestuffs using the readily available starting material 1,4-diaminoanthroquinone. This dye was prepared for coloration on nylon fabrics with supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO₂). All the synthesized dyes were characterized by ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, and HRMS techniques. The UV-Vis absorbance measurements for all the dyes were carried out, and the results indicated that the absorption peak wavelength of the dyes was approximately 570–641 nm in the blue region. Further, these dispersed dyes were dyed on nylon fabrics with supercritical CO₂. After dyed fabrics were tested, the color strength of K/S value and color fastness were tested using like washing, crocking, and sunlight. Additionally, it determines the sweat fastness of dyed nylon fabrics under acidic and basic conditions. The dyes are readily involved in the nucleophilic addition of amino (-NH₂, nylon) functional groups to nylon fabrics in an alkaline medium. Therefore, our results showed that these dyes are commercially the most satisfactory, environmentally efficient dyes and practically exhibit sufficient color uniformity.