Structural and functional mechanisms of actin isoforms.

Sarah M Heissler, Krishna Chinthalapudi
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Abstract

Actin is a highly conserved and fundamental protein in eukaryotes and participates in a broad spectrum of cellular functions. Cells maintain a conserved ratio of actin isoforms, with muscle and non-muscle actins representing the main actin isoforms in muscle and non-muscle cells, respectively. Actin isoforms have specific and redundant functional roles and display different biochemistries, cellular localization, and interactions with myosins and actin-binding proteins. Understanding the specific roles of actin isoforms from the structural and functional perspective is crucial for elucidating the intricacies of cytoskeletal dynamics and regulation and their implications in health and disease. Here, we review how the structure contributes to the functional mechanisms of actin isoforms with a special emphasis on the questions of how post-translational modifications and disease-linked mutations affect actin isoforms biochemistry, function, and interaction with actin-binding proteins and myosin motors.

肌动蛋白同工酶的结构和功能机制。
肌动蛋白是真核生物中一种高度保守的基本蛋白质,参与了广泛的细胞功能。细胞中肌动蛋白异构体的比例保持不变,肌肉细胞和非肌肉细胞中的主要肌动蛋白异构体分别是肌肉肌动蛋白和非肌肉肌动蛋白。肌动蛋白异构体具有特定和冗余的功能作用,并显示出不同的生物化学特性、细胞定位以及与肌球蛋白和肌动蛋白结合蛋白的相互作用。从结构和功能角度了解肌动蛋白同工型的特定作用,对于阐明细胞骨架动力学和调控的复杂性及其对健康和疾病的影响至关重要。在此,我们回顾了肌动蛋白异构体的结构如何促进其功能机制,并特别强调了翻译后修饰和疾病相关突变如何影响肌动蛋白异构体的生物化学、功能以及与肌动蛋白结合蛋白和肌球蛋白马达的相互作用等问题。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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