Animal sentience: The science and its implications, with particular reference to farmed animals

Joyce D’Silva, Hillary Dalton, Natasha K. Boyland, Jacky Turner
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Abstract

There is an increasing amount of scientific research into animal sentience. Many scientists are studying the cognitive, emotional, and communicative capacities of a range of animals. The results of this research have led to a number of legal recognitions of the sentience of a range of animals. In 1997, the European Union (EU) gave legal recognition to the sentience of animals and updated and elevated this recognition in the Treaty of Lisbon. Other countries and states as well as the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH, formerly OIE) have followed it. Scientists are increasingly acknowledging that sentience and emotion have arisen in a wide range of species. Research now emphasizes that there is an extraordinary variation in how different animal species (such as mammals, birds, fish, or insects) perceive the world and their environment. This paper looks at the sentience of the main farmed land and aquatic animals and the implications of this for how such animals are bred and housed. The paper concludes that intensive farming systems deprive animals of opportunities for positive emotions, such as play, exploration, social interaction, and feeding to satiation, and stops them from satisfying naturally motivated behaviors. To truly respect animal sentience, production systems should be designed with the animal's characteristics and needs in mind. The authors conclude that regenerative, agroecological, or organic farming systems better protect and respect the sentience of animals leading to less suffering and more opportunities for positive experiences.

动物的知觉:科学及其影响,特别是对养殖动物的影响
有关动物智商的科学研究越来越多。许多科学家正在研究一系列动物的认知、情感和交流能力。这些研究成果促使一系列动物的知觉得到法律承认。1997 年,欧洲联盟(欧盟)在法律上承认动物的知觉,并在《里斯本条约》中更新和提升了这一承认。其他国家和地区以及世界动物卫生组织(WOAH,前身为 OIE)也纷纷效仿。科学家们日益认识到,感知和情感已在多种物种中产生。目前的研究强调,不同动物物种(如哺乳动物、鸟类、鱼类或昆虫)对世界和环境的感知方式存在着巨大差异。本文探讨了主要养殖陆生动物和水生动物的感知能力,以及这对如何饲养和安置这些动物的影响。本文的结论是,集约化养殖系统剥夺了动物获得积极情绪的机会,如玩耍、探索、社会交往和饱食,并阻止了它们满足自然动机的行为。要真正尊重动物的知觉,生产系统的设计应考虑到动物的特性和需求。作者得出结论,再生、生态农业或有机农业系统能更好地保护和尊重动物的知觉,从而减少动物的痛苦,为其提供更多积极体验的机会。
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