Self-consciousness and trait anxiety influence music performance in high-pressure situations

IF 2.2 3区 心理学 0 MUSIC
Annika Hörster, Jochim Hansen
{"title":"Self-consciousness and trait anxiety influence music performance in high-pressure situations","authors":"Annika Hörster, Jochim Hansen","doi":"10.1177/10298649241249667","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"High levels of mental pressure in musicians can lead to decrements in performance, but this effect may depend on individual dispositions. In this study, self-consciousness and trait anxiety were examined as predictors of decrements in performance in natural concert settings. The performance of 30 pianists was assessed in a condition without pressure (i.e., when playing alone) and in a condition with pressure (i.e., in a public concert). Audio recordings of the performances were evaluated on musical expression, technical precision, and overall performance by four independent jurors who were unaware of the condition in which they had been made. The differences between the pressure and no-pressure ratings were regressed on cognitive and somatic anxiety (assessed with an adaptation of the Competition Anxiety Inventory) as well as on public and private self-consciousness (assessed with the Self-Consciousness Scale). Participants performed better in the concert than when playing alone, despite increased state anxiety during the concert. The effect of the pressure condition on performance, however, was attenuated when participants scored high for private self-consciousness (i.e., the tendency to attend to one’s inner thoughts and feelings) but increased when they scored high for public self-consciousness (i.e., the tendency to see oneself from the outside as a social object). An attenuating effect of private self-consciousness emerged particularly for technical precision, whereas an enhancing effect of public self-consciousness emerged particularly for musical expression. The two subcomponents of self-consciousness were positively correlated, exerting a counteracting effect on overall performance ratings. Cognitive trait anxiety reduced performance quality, but only when somatic trait anxiety was not controlled for. The findings suggest a negative effect of inward-directed attention to the self (private self-consciousness) and a protective effect of habituation to outward-directed attention to the self as a social object (public self-consciousness) and may contribute to developing pedagogical activities or interventions to prevent fluctuations in performance.","PeriodicalId":47219,"journal":{"name":"Musicae Scientiae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2000,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Musicae Scientiae","FirstCategoryId":"102","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10298649241249667","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"0","JCRName":"MUSIC","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

High levels of mental pressure in musicians can lead to decrements in performance, but this effect may depend on individual dispositions. In this study, self-consciousness and trait anxiety were examined as predictors of decrements in performance in natural concert settings. The performance of 30 pianists was assessed in a condition without pressure (i.e., when playing alone) and in a condition with pressure (i.e., in a public concert). Audio recordings of the performances were evaluated on musical expression, technical precision, and overall performance by four independent jurors who were unaware of the condition in which they had been made. The differences between the pressure and no-pressure ratings were regressed on cognitive and somatic anxiety (assessed with an adaptation of the Competition Anxiety Inventory) as well as on public and private self-consciousness (assessed with the Self-Consciousness Scale). Participants performed better in the concert than when playing alone, despite increased state anxiety during the concert. The effect of the pressure condition on performance, however, was attenuated when participants scored high for private self-consciousness (i.e., the tendency to attend to one’s inner thoughts and feelings) but increased when they scored high for public self-consciousness (i.e., the tendency to see oneself from the outside as a social object). An attenuating effect of private self-consciousness emerged particularly for technical precision, whereas an enhancing effect of public self-consciousness emerged particularly for musical expression. The two subcomponents of self-consciousness were positively correlated, exerting a counteracting effect on overall performance ratings. Cognitive trait anxiety reduced performance quality, but only when somatic trait anxiety was not controlled for. The findings suggest a negative effect of inward-directed attention to the self (private self-consciousness) and a protective effect of habituation to outward-directed attention to the self as a social object (public self-consciousness) and may contribute to developing pedagogical activities or interventions to prevent fluctuations in performance.
自我意识和特质焦虑影响高压环境下的音乐表现
音乐家的心理压力过大会导致演奏水平下降,但这种影响可能取决于个人的性格。本研究将自我意识和特质焦虑作为自然音乐会环境下演奏水平下降的预测因素进行了研究。30 名钢琴家的演奏分别在无压力条件下(即独自演奏时)和有压力条件下(即在公开音乐会上)进行了评估。演奏录音由四位独立的评委对音乐表现力、技术精确度和整体表现进行评估,这些评委并不知道录音是在何种情况下录制的。压力评分和无压力评分之间的差异被回归到认知焦虑和躯体焦虑(用竞争焦虑量表的改编版进行评估)以及公共和私人自我意识(用自我意识量表进行评估)上。尽管音乐会期间的状态焦虑增加,但参与者在音乐会上的表现比单独演奏时更好。然而,当参与者在私人自我意识(即关注自己内心想法和感受的倾向)方面得分较高时,压力条件对表现的影响就会减弱,但当他们在公共自我意识(即从外部将自己视为社会对象的倾向)方面得分较高时,压力条件对表现的影响就会增强。私人自我意识的减弱效应在技术精确性方面表现得尤为明显,而公共自我意识的增强效应则在音乐表现力方面表现得尤为明显。自我意识的两个分项呈正相关,对总体表现评分具有抵消作用。认知特质焦虑降低了表演质量,但只有在不控制躯体特质焦虑的情况下才会出现这种情况。研究结果表明,对自我的内向关注(私人自我意识)会产生负面影响,而对作为社会对象的自我的外向关注(公共自我意识)的习惯化则会产生保护作用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
Musicae Scientiae
Musicae Scientiae Multiple-
CiteScore
4.50
自引率
8.30%
发文量
21
期刊介绍: MUSICAE SCIENTIAE is the trilingual journal, official organ of ESCOM, published with the financial support of the Belgian Science Policy.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信