Determination of mandibular distraction osteogenesis most suitable parameters. An experimental study.

Abstract

Background: Distraction osteogenesis is a process of induced bone generation. Various protocols have been described for the management of the latency period, distraction speed and consolidation period, with greater or lesser success.

Objective: To better understand the process of mandibular distraction and establish the determining factors and their optimal times.

Material and methods: Twenty-seven dogs were studied, which had 54 distractors placed and that underwent unidirectional, bilateral mandibular distraction osteogenesis. The distraction processes were applied using six variants, two for each factor: latency period, distraction period and distraction speed. The changes were examined by means of bone biopsies and X-rays of the area at 0, 7, 14, 21, 45 and 55 days of the process.

Results: The most efficient osteogenic distraction parameters were a latency period of five days, a consolidation period of six weeks, distraction speed of 1 mm/day for distances of less than 20 mm, and 3 mm/day for longer distances.

Conclusions: The sequential histological study allowed to observe the appearance of cellular elements (osteocytes, osteoclasts, osteoid matrix, trabeculate, etc.) and their participation in granulation tissue, newly-formed bone and compact mature bone.