Prevalence and Magnitude of Olfactory Dysfunction in Allergic Rhinitis.

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q1 OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY

American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-17 DOI:10.1177/19458924241253642

Marco A Fornazieri, Ellen C D Garcia, Ricardo H Montero, Ricardo Borges, Thiago F P Bezerra, Fábio R Pinna, Richard L Doty, Richard L Voegels

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Although allergic rhinitis (AR) can negatively impact the ability to smell, the degree to which this occurs is not clear and prevalence estimates vary among studies. This study had 4 main objectives: (1) To estimate the prevalence and the degree of olfactory dysfunction in AR patients; (2) To compare olfactory perception between AR patients with different persistence and severity of symptoms and determine if olfactory testing may aid in differentiating among Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) groups; (3) To determine whether allergic reactions to different allergens differentially impact olfactory function, and (4) Verify possible changes in the olfactory epithelium (OE) caused by AR.

Methods: One hundred thirty-three patients with AR and one hundred controls were tested. The main outcome was the score in University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT®). The OE was examined using immunofluorescence markers for neuronal activity, apoptosis, oxidative stress, signal transduction, eosinophils, and epithelial thickness.

Results: Prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in the AR patients was higher (AR: 42.9% vs controls: 9%, P < .001). No difference was found either between intermittent and persistent disease cases (P = .58) or between cases with mild and those with moderate/severe symptomatology (P = .33). Lower olfactory capacity was not associated with the reaction to more (P = .48) or diverse types of allergens (Ps > .05). Although not significant, patients with AR had a greater amount of eosinophilia and a lower amount of cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) in the OE.

Conclusion: The study highlights a higher prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in AR patients compared to controls, but olfactory testing may not effectively differentiate AR severity or allergen sensitivities. Although trends suggest potential pathophysiological changes in the OE of AR patients, further research is needed to validate these findings.

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过敏性鼻炎患者嗅觉功能障碍的发生率和程度

背景：虽然过敏性鼻炎（AR）会对嗅觉能力产生负面影响，但这种影响的程度尚不明确，而且不同研究对患病率的估计也不尽相同。本研究有四个主要目标：（1）估计 AR 患者嗅觉功能障碍的患病率和程度；（2）比较不同症状持续时间和严重程度的 AR 患者的嗅觉感知，并确定嗅觉测试是否有助于区分过敏性鼻炎及其对哮喘的影响（ARIA）群体；（3）确定对不同过敏原的过敏反应是否会对嗅觉功能产生不同影响；以及（4）验证 AR 可能引起的嗅上皮（OE）变化。研究方法对 133 名 AR 患者和 100 名对照组进行了测试。主要结果是宾夕法尼亚大学嗅觉识别测试（UPSIT®）的得分。使用免疫荧光标记对神经元活动、细胞凋亡、氧化应激、信号转导、嗜酸性粒细胞和上皮厚度进行了检查：结果：AR 患者的嗅觉功能障碍发生率较高（AR：42.9% vs 对照组：9%，P = .58），轻度症状病例和中度/重度症状病例的发生率也较高（P = .33）。嗅觉能力较低与对更多过敏原（P = .48）或不同类型过敏原（Ps > .05）的反应无关。AR患者的嗜酸性粒细胞增多，OE中的cAMP（环磷酸腺苷）含量降低，尽管这两点并不显著：该研究强调，与对照组相比，AR 患者的嗅觉功能障碍发生率更高，但嗅觉测试可能无法有效区分 AR 的严重程度或过敏原敏感性。尽管趋势表明 AR 患者的嗅觉功能可能发生了病理生理变化，但还需要进一步的研究来验证这些发现。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy 医学-耳鼻喉科学

CiteScore

5.60

自引率

11.50%

发文量

审稿时长

4-8 weeks

期刊介绍： The American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy is a peer-reviewed, scientific publication committed to expanding knowledge and publishing the best clinical and basic research within the fields of Rhinology & Allergy. Its focus is to publish information which contributes to improved quality of care for patients with nasal and sinus disorders. Its primary readership consists of otolaryngologists, allergists, and plastic surgeons. Published material includes peer-reviewed original research, clinical trials, and review articles.