Utilizing immunotherapy towards achieving a functional cure for HIV-1.

Current opinion in HIV and AIDS Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-04-11 DOI:10.1097/COH.0000000000000856
Fabrícia Heloisa Cavicchioli Sugiyama, Lisa Loksø Dietz, Ole Schmeltz Søgaard
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Abstract

Purpose of review: Advancements in antiretroviral therapy (ART) have positively impacted the life expectancy and possibility of living a normal life for people with HIV-1. However, lifelong daily medication is necessary to prevent disease progression. To this end, immunotherapeutic strategies are being tested with the aim of developing a functional cure in which the immune system effectively controls HIV-1 in the absence of ART.

Recent findings: The most promising advances in achieving sustained HIV-1 remission or cure include broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) that are administered alone or in combination with other agents. Newer and more innovative approaches redirecting T cells or natural killer cells to kill HIV-1 infected cells have also shown promising results. Finally, multiple ongoing trials focus on combining bNAbs with other immune-directed therapies to enhance both innate and adaptive immunity.

Summary: While immunotherapies as an alternative to conventional ART have generally proven to be well tolerated, these therapeutic approaches have largely been unsuccessful in inducing ART-free control of HIV-1. However, promising results from recent trials involving bNAbs that have reported durable HIV-1 control among a subset of participants, provide reason for cautious optimism that we with further optimization of these treatment strategies may be able to achieve functional cure for HIV-1.

利用免疫疗法实现对 HIV-1 的功能性治愈。
综述的目的:抗逆转录病毒疗法(ART)的进步对 HIV-1 感染者的预期寿命和正常生活的可能性产生了积极影响。然而,终生每日服药对于预防疾病进展是必要的。为此,免疫治疗策略正在接受测试,目的是开发一种功能性治愈方法,在没有抗逆转录病毒疗法的情况下,免疫系统也能有效控制 HIV-1:在实现 HIV-1 持续缓解或治愈方面,最有希望的进展包括单独或与其他药物联合使用的广谱中和抗体(bNAbs)。更新、更有创意的方法是重新定向 T 细胞或自然杀伤细胞,以杀死受 HIV-1 感染的细胞,这些方法也取得了可喜的成果。小结:虽然免疫疗法作为传统抗逆转录病毒疗法的替代疗法通常被证明具有良好的耐受性,但这些治疗方法在诱导无抗逆转录病毒疗法控制 HIV-1 方面大多不成功。然而,最近涉及 bNAbs 的试验取得了令人鼓舞的结果,部分参与者的 HIV-1 得到了持久控制,这让我们有理由谨慎乐观地认为,随着这些治疗策略的进一步优化,我们有可能实现对 HIV-1 的功能性治愈。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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