Disseminated melioidosis presenting as sepsis, neurological melioidosis, liver and prostate abscess in United Arab Emirates

Abstract

Background: Melioidosis is an infection caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, a Gram-negative bacterium. It is a disease endemic to Southeast Asia and northern Australia although its global incidence has been rising. It most commonly infects people with certain identified risk factors such as diabetes, alcoholism, thalassemia, and underlying chronic disease involving lungs, kidney and liver. This bacterium is capable of producing a wide array of clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic disease to localised infections such as in the lung, bone or skin to disseminated infection. Case description: This is a case, from United Arab Emirates, of a 40-year-old male recently diagnosed with diabetes who presented with multiple abscesses and was eventually diagnosed with disseminated melioidosis. He was treated successfully with antibiotics and drainage of abscesses. Conclusion: In non-endemic regions, melioidosis can be easily missed in common diagnostic approaches. This gap of awareness could delay the diagnosis and allow further deterioration of the patient due to complications. Thus, case reports like this can enlighten internists about changing incidences and complexity of clinical presentations, thus preparing them to better handle such patients in the future.