Synthesis of Eggshell Powder and GGBS Geopolymer Designed by the Taguchi Method

IF 1 Q4 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering Pub Date : 2024-04-12 DOI:10.14525/jjce.v18i2.12

M. A. Putra Handana

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Abstract

This research endeavors to develop a geopolymer mortar synthesized from eggshell powder and ground granulated blast-furnace slag, utilizing the Taguchi L25 optimization technique to refine the synthesis process across molarity (A), precursor ratio (B) and curing duration (C). Analyzed at five distinct levels across 25 experimental setups, denoted as A1B1C1 through A5B5C5, these variables were rigorously tested. Compressive-strength measurement was employed as a criterion to assess the performance of three samples from each setup, alongside setting-time evaluation to ascertain the geopolymer concrete's workability. Optimal results were observed with a 60% eggshell to 40% slag ratio (A5B1C5), yielding the highest average compressive strength of 49.5 MPa after a curing period of 56 days. Conversely, a mix comprising 100% eggshell (A2B5C1) manifested the lowest compressive strength of 5 MPa at a 3-day curing period. Taguchi's signal-to-noise ratio analysis pinpointed the precursor ratio as a crucial determinant of compressive strength. Additionally, setting-time investigations revealed A5B1C5 as exhibiting the most advantageous initial and final setting times of 15 minutes and 30 minutes, respectively, compared to the protracted durations of 240 minutes and 540 minutes for A2B5C1. Through comprehensive chemical, micro-structural and mineralogical characterizations via X-ray fluorescence, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction, it was found that an increased proportion of ground granulated blastfurnace slag relative to eggshell enhances surface smoothness and density, indicative of successful polymerization. This was further corroborated by X-ray diffraction, which confirmed the formation of sodium alumina-silicate hydrate, calcium aluminum silicate hydrate and calcium silicate hydrate gels. Consequently, the study substantiates the potential of employing eggshell powder and ground granulated blast-furnace slag in the sustainable fabrication of geopolymers from waste materials. Keywords: Geopolymers, GGBFS, Eggshell, Taguchi Method, Compressive strength

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用田口方法设计蛋壳粉和 GGBS 土工聚合物的合成方法

本研究致力于开发一种由蛋壳粉和磨碎的粒化高炉矿渣合成的土工聚合物砂浆，利用田口 L25 优化技术，在摩尔浓度（A）、前驱体比例（B）和固化时间（C）方面对合成工艺进行了改进。这些变量在 25 个实验设置（A1B1C1 至 A5B5C5）的五个不同水平上进行了严格测试。抗压强度测量被用作评估每个设置中三个样本性能的标准，同时还对凝结时间进行评估，以确定土工聚合物混凝土的工作性。在 60% 的蛋壳与 40% 的矿渣比例（A5B1C5）中观察到了最佳结果，在 56 天的养护期后，平均抗压强度最高，达到 49.5 兆帕。相反，蛋壳含量为 100%的混合料（A2B5C1）在 3 天固化期的抗压强度最低，仅为 5 兆帕。田口信噪比分析表明，前驱体比率是决定抗压强度的关键因素。此外，凝固时间调查显示，与 A2B5C1 的 240 分钟和 540 分钟的漫长时间相比，A5B1C5 的初始和最终凝固时间分别为 15 分钟和 30 分钟，最具优势。通过 X 射线荧光、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和 X 射线衍射进行全面的化学、微观结构和矿物学表征后发现，相对于蛋壳而言，研磨粒化高炉矿渣比例的增加可提高表面光滑度和密度，这表明聚合反应取得了成功。X 射线衍射进一步证实了这一点，证实了氧化铝硅酸钠水合物、硅酸铝钙水合物和硅酸钙水合物凝胶的形成。因此，该研究证实了使用蛋壳粉和磨碎的粒化高炉矿渣从废料中可持续地制造土工聚合物的潜力。关键词土工聚合物 GGBFS 蛋壳田口方法抗压强度

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来源期刊

Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering ENGINEERING, CIVIL-

CiteScore

2.10

自引率

27.30%

发文量

期刊介绍： I am very pleased and honored to be appointed as an Editor-in-Chief of the Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering which enjoys an excellent reputation, both locally and internationally. Since development is the essence of life, I hope to continue developing this distinguished Journal, building on the effort of all the Editors-in-Chief and Editorial Board Members as well as Advisory Boards of the Journal since its establishment about a decade ago. I will do my best to focus on publishing high quality diverse articles and move forward in the indexing issue of the Journal.