Insights into vaccines for elderly individuals: from the impacts of immunosenescence to delivery strategies

IF 6.9 1区医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY

NPJ Vaccines Pub Date : 2024-04-10 DOI:10.1038/s41541-024-00874-4

Yingying Hou, Min Chen, Yuan Bian, Yuan Hu, Junlan Chuan, Lei Zhong, Yuxuan Zhu, Rongsheng Tong

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Abstract

Immunosenescence increases the risk and severity of diseases in elderly individuals and leads to impaired vaccine-induced immunity. With aging of the global population and the emerging risk of epidemics, developing adjuvants and vaccines for elderly individuals to improve their immune protection is pivotal for healthy aging worldwide. Deepening our understanding of the role of immunosenescence in vaccine efficacy could accelerate research focused on optimizing vaccine delivery for elderly individuals. In this review, we analyzed the characteristics of immunosenescence at the cellular and molecular levels. Strategies to improve vaccination potency in elderly individuals are summarized, including increasing the antigen dose, preparing multivalent antigen vaccines, adding appropriate adjuvants, inhibiting chronic inflammation, and inhibiting immunosenescence. We hope that this review can provide a review of new findings with regards to the impacts of immunosenescence on vaccine-mediated protection and inspire the development of individualized vaccines for elderly individuals.

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洞察老年人疫苗：从免疫衰老的影响到接种策略

免疫衰老会增加老年人患病的风险和严重程度，并导致疫苗诱导的免疫力受损。随着全球人口老龄化和新出现的流行病风险，为老年人开发佐剂和疫苗以提高他们的免疫保护能力对于全球健康老龄化至关重要。加深我们对免疫衰老在疫苗功效中作用的理解，可以加速以优化老年人疫苗接种为重点的研究。在这篇综述中，我们分析了免疫衰老在细胞和分子水平上的特征。总结了提高老年人疫苗接种效力的策略，包括增加抗原剂量、制备多价抗原疫苗、添加适当佐剂、抑制慢性炎症和抑制免疫衰老。我们希望这篇综述能提供有关免疫衰老对疫苗介导的保护作用影响的新发现，并对开发针对老年人的个性化疫苗有所启发。

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来源期刊

NPJ Vaccines Immunology and Microbiology-Immunology

CiteScore

11.90

自引率

4.30%

发文量

146

审稿时长

11 weeks

期刊介绍： Online-only and open access, npj Vaccines is dedicated to highlighting the most important scientific advances in vaccine research and development.

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