{"title":"Stimulated X-ray emission spectroscopy","authors":"Uwe Bergmann","doi":"10.1007/s11120-024-01080-y","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>We describe an emerging hard X-ray spectroscopy technique, stimulated X-ray emission spectroscopy (S-XES). S-XES has the potential to characterize the electronic structure of 3d transition metal complexes with spectral information currently not reachable and might lead to the development of new ultrafast X-ray sources with properties beyond the state of the art. S-XES has become possible with the emergence of X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) that provide intense femtosecond X-ray pulses that can be employed to generate a population inversion of core–hole excited states resulting in stimulated X-ray emission. We describe the instrumentation, the various types of S-XES, the potential applications, the experimental challenges, and the feasibility of applying S-XES to characterize dilute systems, including the Mn<sub>4</sub>Ca cluster in the oxygen evolving complex of photosystem II.</p>","PeriodicalId":20130,"journal":{"name":"Photosynthesis Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9000,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Photosynthesis Research","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11120-024-01080-y","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"PLANT SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
We describe an emerging hard X-ray spectroscopy technique, stimulated X-ray emission spectroscopy (S-XES). S-XES has the potential to characterize the electronic structure of 3d transition metal complexes with spectral information currently not reachable and might lead to the development of new ultrafast X-ray sources with properties beyond the state of the art. S-XES has become possible with the emergence of X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) that provide intense femtosecond X-ray pulses that can be employed to generate a population inversion of core–hole excited states resulting in stimulated X-ray emission. We describe the instrumentation, the various types of S-XES, the potential applications, the experimental challenges, and the feasibility of applying S-XES to characterize dilute systems, including the Mn4Ca cluster in the oxygen evolving complex of photosystem II.
我们介绍了一种新兴的硬 X 射线光谱技术--受激 X 射线发射光谱（S-XES）。受激 X 射线发射光谱具有表征 3d 过渡金属复合物电子结构的潜力，其光谱信息是目前无法达到的，并有可能开发出性能超越现有技术水平的新型超快 X 射线源。随着 X 射线自由电子激光器（XFEL）的出现，S-XES 已成为可能。XFEL 可提供强飞秒 X 射线脉冲，可用于产生核孔激发态的种群反转，从而产生受激 X 射线发射。我们介绍了仪器、各种类型的 S-XES、潜在应用、实验挑战以及应用 S-XES 表征稀释系统（包括光系统 II 氧进化复合物中的 Mn4Ca 簇）的可行性。
期刊介绍：
Photosynthesis Research is an international journal open to papers of merit dealing with both basic and applied aspects of photosynthesis. It covers all aspects of photosynthesis research, including, but not limited to, light absorption and emission, excitation energy transfer, primary photochemistry, model systems, membrane components, protein complexes, electron transport, photophosphorylation, carbon assimilation, regulatory phenomena, molecular biology, environmental and ecological aspects, photorespiration, and bacterial and algal photosynthesis.
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