Exploring research progress in studying serum exosomal miRNA-21 as a molecular diagnostic marker for breast cancer

Hang Li, Xiao-jing Tie
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Abstract

Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies affecting women globally and poses a significant public health challenge. Early clinical detection plays a pivotal role in providing optimal treatment opportunities and favorable prognoses, crucial for reducing breast cancer mortality and enhancing patients’ quality of life. Therefore, the timely identification and diagnosis of breast cancer are imperative. Conventional tumor markers, such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 15-3 (CA15-3), serve as reliable methods for actively monitoring disease progression and have become a routine auxiliary diagnostic approach in clinical settings. However, these biomarkers exhibit limitations in sensitivity and specificity, particularly in the early screening and diagnosis of tumors, often yielding results inconsistent with clinical manifestations. In recent years, research has increasingly focused on exosomes released by tumor cells as potential new biomarkers for early stage breast cancer screening. Exosomes carry various components, including tumor-derived proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. This paper delves into the specific utilization of serum exosomal microRNA-21 (miR-21) as a biomarker for early detection and diagnosis of breast cancer, evaluating its efficacy within this framework.

探索将血清外泌体 miRNA-21 作为乳腺癌分子诊断标志物的研究进展
乳腺癌是影响全球妇女最普遍的恶性肿瘤之一,对公共卫生构成重大挑战。早期临床检测在提供最佳治疗机会和良好预后方面发挥着关键作用,对于降低乳腺癌死亡率和提高患者生活质量至关重要。因此,及时发现和诊断乳腺癌势在必行。传统的肿瘤标志物,如癌胚抗原(CEA)和碳水化合物抗原 15-3(CA15-3),是积极监测疾病进展的可靠方法,已成为临床上常规的辅助诊断方法。然而,这些生物标志物在灵敏度和特异性方面存在局限性,尤其是在肿瘤的早期筛查和诊断中,其结果往往与临床表现不一致。近年来,越来越多的研究关注肿瘤细胞释放的外泌体,将其作为早期乳腺癌筛查的潜在新生物标记物。外泌体携带多种成分,包括肿瘤衍生蛋白、核酸和脂质。本文探讨了血清外泌体 microRNA-21 (miR-21) 作为乳腺癌早期检测和诊断生物标记物的具体用途,并在此框架内评估了其功效。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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