The Prevalence of Sensitization Profiles to Various Allergens in Children in the Moscow Metropolitan Area

Abstract

Background. In Russian scientific literature there is a limited amount of data on the prevalence of sensitization to various types of allergens in children. The determination of sensitization profiles is important for the formation of personalized measures for patients. Aim — to reveal the prevalence of sensitization profiles to allergen extracts and components in children with different variants of the atopic phenotype, taking into account regional characteristics. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 160 children from 0 months to 17 years 11 months with symptoms of allergic rhinitis, food allergy, atopic dermatitis, living in the Moscow metropolitan area. The sensitization to 9 extracts of allergens was analyzed in all children using the ImmunoCAP method, component resolved diagnostics was held with “Allergochip ISAC ImmunoCAP” in 143 patients. Results. sensitization to birch pollen was detected most often (68%), less often (52%) — to timothy grass, (48.1%) — to mugwort. Among food allergens, most often (55% each) children were sensitized to extracts of egg white, wheat flour, less often — cow’s milk (48%), Atlantic cod (15.6%). Analysis of molecular sensitization showed that most often patients were sensitized to Bet v 1 (64%), Aln g 1 (50.3%), Сor 1.0101 (48.3%), Fel d 1 (42.7%) cases. Sensitization to cat/dog allergen components was detected in 79.7% patients. Asymptomatic sensitization to cat allergens was observed in 35.8%, to dog — in 40% patients. More than half of the patients had sensitization to the PR-10 components. From 2 to 10% of patients had sensitization to LTP, most often to the Jug r 3 walnut component in 10.5% patients. Conclusion. The profiles of molecular sensitization in children with various variants of the atopic phenotype were clarified, the prevalence of sensitization to extracts and components of pollen, household, food and animal allergens, the incidence of true and asymptomatic sensitization were determined.