Shale Characterization Methods Using XRD, CEC, and LSM: Experimental Findings

Abstract

Shale characterization is essential for understanding its potential as a hydrocarbon reservoir and for optimizing hydraulic fracturing operations. In this study, we evaluate the effectiveness of three methods for shale characterization: X-ray diffraction (XRD), cation exchange capacity (CEC), and linear swell meter (LSM). The study was conducted on a set of shale samples from a specific location. The samples were analyzed using XRD to determine their mineralogy, CEC to measure their ion exchange capacity, and LSM to assess their swelling properties. The results indicate that Clay stabilizers and KCl salt together perform much better. The concentrations of different additives can have a positive/negative effect on swelling. CEC values can be determined for each formation with the statistical method determined by using XRD results. Overall, the study highlights the potential of using a combination of XRD, CEC, and LSM for comprehensive shale characterization.