Vasculitis de pequeño vaso mediadas por inmunocomplejos

Abstract

Immune complex small vessel vasculitis is a subtype of vasculitis in which cutaneous involvement can be the first clinical manifestation. This group of vasculitis include cutaneous leucocytoclastic vasculitis, normocomplementemic and hypocomplementemic urticaria-vasculitis, IgA vasculitis, cryoglobulinemic vasculitis and antiglomerular basal membrane vasculitis. The degree of systemic involvement is variable and sometimes can be life-threatening. To diagnose and treat properly these vasculitis patients should be attended by a multidisciplinary team that include medical and surgical specialities. Treatment of these vasculitis rely on the severity of clinical manifestations and patient comorbidities, sometimes requiring immunosuppressive agents and biologics, and occasionally intensive care unit treatment. This review will focus on the epidemiological, etiopathogenic, clinical, diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic aspects of leucocytoclastic vasculitis, urticaria-vasculitis, IgA vasculitis and cryoglobulinemic vasculitis.