Development of innate and adaptive immunity to RSV in young children

IF 3.7 4区医学 Q2 CELL BIOLOGY

Cellular immunology Pub Date : 2024-03-26 DOI:10.1016/j.cellimm.2024.104824

Emily L. Parsons , Jisung S. Kim , Allison M.W. Malloy

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Abstract

Infection of the respiratory tract with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is common and occurs repeatedly throughout life with most severe disease occurring at the extremes of age: in young infants and the elderly. Effective anti-viral therapeutics are not available and therefore prevention has been the primary strategy for reducing the disease burden. Our current understanding of respiratory mucosal cell biology and the immune response within the respiratory tract is inadequate to prevent infection caused by a pathogen like RSV that does not disseminate outside of this environment. Gaps in our understanding of the activation of innate and adaptive immunity in response to RSV and the role of age upon infection also limit improvements in the design of therapeutics and vaccines for young infants. However, advancements in structural biology have improved our ability to characterize antibodies against viral proteins and in 2023 the first vaccines for those over 60 years and pregnant women became available, potentially reducing the burden of disease. This review will examine our current understanding of the critical facets of anti-RSV immune responses in infants and young children as well as highlight areas where more research is needed.

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幼儿对 RSV 的先天免疫和适应性免疫的发展

呼吸道感染呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）是一种常见病，在人的一生中会反复发生，最严重的疾病发生在极端年龄段：幼儿和老年人。目前还没有有效的抗病毒疗法，因此预防是减轻疾病负担的主要策略。我们目前对呼吸道粘膜细胞生物学和呼吸道内免疫反应的了解还不足以预防像 RSV 这样不会向外传播的病原体引起的感染。我们对先天性免疫和适应性免疫激活对 RSV 的反应以及年龄对感染所起作用的认识存在差距，这也限制了为幼儿设计治疗方法和疫苗的改进。然而，结构生物学的进步提高了我们鉴定针对病毒蛋白的抗体的能力，2023 年，首批针对 60 岁以上老人和孕妇的疫苗问世，有可能减轻疾病负担。本综述将探讨我们目前对婴幼儿抗 RSV 免疫反应关键方面的理解，并强调需要开展更多研究的领域。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Cellular immunology 生物-免疫学

CiteScore

8.20

自引率

2.30%

发文量

102

审稿时长

30 days

期刊介绍： Cellular Immunology publishes original investigations concerned with the immunological activities of cells in experimental or clinical situations. The scope of the journal encompasses the broad area of in vitro and in vivo studies of cellular immune responses. Purely clinical descriptive studies are not considered. Research Areas include: • Antigen receptor sites • Autoimmunity • Delayed-type hypersensitivity or cellular immunity • Immunologic deficiency states and their reconstitution • Immunologic surveillance and tumor immunity • Immunomodulation • Immunotherapy • Lymphokines and cytokines • Nonantibody immunity • Parasite immunology • Resistance to intracellular microbial and viral infection • Thymus and lymphocyte immunobiology • Transplantation immunology • Tumor immunity.