Evaluation of Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris and Tetradesmus bernardii for Cultivation and Nutrient Removal in Palm Oil Mill Effluent

IF 0.6 Q3 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI:10.47836/pjst.32.3.10

Mohammad Navid Wais, S. Zulkifly, Mohd Hafiz Ibrahim, Afiqah Mohamed, Zana Ruhaizat Zana Rudin

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The palm oil industry is one of the key players in contributing to Malaysia’s economy. Palm oil mill effluent (POME), a significant by-product of the oil extraction process, requires mandatory remediation to ensure proper treatment and disposal. Bioremediation using microalgae is a cost-effective and sustainable approach. This study aims to utilise pure and mixed microalgal species, Chlorella vulgaris and Tetradesmus bernardii, in phycoremediation and biomass production in different concentrations of POME (20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%). Cultivation of microalgae was carried out in 200 mL medium with pH 7–7.8, room temperature of 25±1°C for 21 days and continuous light illumination at 2000 lux. The highest biomass productivity was observed in 20% POME for mixed microalgae (mean = 0.1733 mg.mL-1 ± 0.0057), followed by C. vulgaris (0.1633 mg.mL-1 ± 0.0057) and T. bernardii (0.1603 mg.mL-1 ± 0.0020). Similarly, the highest nutrient removal was observed in 20% POME for mixed microalgae (COD:66.9801%, TN:86.9565%, TP:86.9655%), followed by C. vulgaris and T. bernardii. The results showed positive effects on growth, increased biomass production, and nutrient removal, with 20% POME being the optimal concentration for microalgae. Valuable by-products, such as high-quality pigments and biomass, are also generated by applying microalgae for remediation. Mixed microalgae are superior in the remediation of POME compared to single-culture algae. Treating wastewater through microalgal bioremediation is highly efficient in nutrient removal. This research has contributed towards the use of mixed microalgae to achieve effective nutrient removal and biomass for future industrial applications.

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评估微藻类小球藻（Chlorella vulgaris）和四裂藻（Tetradesmus bernardii）在棕榈油厂废水中的培养和营养物去除情况

棕榈油行业是马来西亚经济的重要组成部分之一。棕榈油厂废水（POME）是榨油过程中产生的一种重要副产品，需要强制进行补救，以确保妥善处理和处置。利用微藻进行生物修复是一种具有成本效益且可持续的方法。本研究旨在利用纯微藻和混合微藻（小球藻和四裂殖藻）在不同浓度（20%、40%、60% 和 80%）的 POME 中进行植物修复和生物量生产。微藻的培养在 200 mL 培养基中进行，培养基的 pH 值为 7-7.8，室温为 25±1°C，持续光照时间为 21 天，光照度为 2000 勒克斯。在 20% POME 中，混合微藻的生物量生产率最高（平均值 = 0.1733 mg.mL-1 ± 0.0057），其次是 C. vulgaris（0.1633 mg.mL-1 ± 0.0057）和 T. bernardii（0.1603 mg.mL-1 ± 0.0020）。同样，在 20% POME 中，混合微藻的营养物质去除率最高（COD：66.9801%；TN：86.9565%；TP：86.9655%），其次是 C. vulgaris 和 T. bernardii。结果表明，20% 的 POME 是微藻类的最佳浓度，对生长、生物量增加和营养物去除都有积极影响。利用微藻进行修复还能产生有价值的副产品，如优质色素和生物质。与单一培养的藻类相比，混合微藻在修复 POME 方面更具优势。通过微藻生物修复法处理废水，可高效去除营养物质。这项研究有助于利用混合微藻实现有效的营养去除，并为未来的工业应用提供生物量。

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来源期刊

Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES-

CiteScore

1.50

自引率

16.70%

发文量

178

期刊介绍： Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology aims to provide a forum for high quality research related to science and engineering research. Areas relevant to the scope of the journal include: bioinformatics, bioscience, biotechnology and bio-molecular sciences, chemistry, computer science, ecology, engineering, engineering design, environmental control and management, mathematics and statistics, medicine and health sciences, nanotechnology, physics, safety and emergency management, and related fields of study.