Perioperative Blood Transfusion Strategies in Orthopaedic Surgery: A Comprehensive Review and Analysis

Abstract

Introduction: Perioperative blood transfusions are necessary during orthopaedic surgery since it is linked with significant bleeding. Remember that receiving blood transfusions containing various blood components might lead to a number of problems. In order to draw conclusions on perioperative blood transfusion methods in orthopaedic surgery, including adjuvants, this literature analysis looks at the most recent data that are currently available. Methods: Databases and other sources were searched for pertinent literature. The following databases were searched for recent evidence: MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, PubMed, Google Scholar, the Cochrane Library, and Science Direct. Medical heading subjects (MeSH) were merged with Boolean operators such as OR, AND, and NOT, which restrict or broaden the scope of possible supporting evidence. The weight of the evidence supporting each conclusion was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system. Results: The included literatures cover a wide range of topics, including fracture type, perioperative bleeding management techniques like adjuvant therapies used to reduce problems from blood transfusions, and hemoglobin thresholds for blood transfusion. Conclusion and Recommendations: Patients who are at danger of bleeding during surgery or who are anemic should be handled with medication, allogenic blood transfusions (restrictive type), adjuvants, and non-pharmacological methods such tourniquets and cell savers. Instead of relying just on one transfusion technique, healthcare personnel should consider the patient’s situation in depth and use a variety of transfusion tactics.