Heterogeneity of hepatocellular carcinoma: from mechanisms to clinical implications

IF 4.8 3区医学 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Cancer gene therapy Pub Date : 2024-03-18 DOI:10.1038/s41417-024-00764-w

Fatema Safri, Romario Nguyen, Shadi Zerehpooshnesfchi, Jacob George, Liang Qiao

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Abstract

Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common types of primary liver cancer. Current treatment options have limited efficacy against this malignancy, primarily owing to difficulties in early detection and the inherent resistance to existing drugs. Tumor heterogeneity is a pivotal factor contributing significantly to treatment resistance and recurrent manifestations of HCC. Intratumoral heterogeneity is an important aspect of the spectrum of complex tumor heterogeneity and contributes to late diagnosis and treatment failure. Therefore, it is crucial to thoroughly understand the molecular mechanisms of how tumor heterogeneity develops. This review aims to summarize the possible molecular dimensions of tumor heterogeneity with an emphasis on intratumoral heterogeneity, evaluate its profound impact on the diagnosis and therapeutic strategies for HCC, and explore the suitability of appropriate pre-clinical models that can be used to best study tumor heterogeneity; thus, opening new avenues for cancer treatment.

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肝细胞癌的异质性：从机制到临床意义。

肝细胞癌（HCC）是最常见的原发性肝癌之一。目前的治疗方案对这种恶性肿瘤的疗效有限，主要原因是难以早期发现和现有药物的固有抗药性。肿瘤异质性是导致 HCC 耐药和复发的关键因素。瘤内异质性是复杂肿瘤异质性的一个重要方面，也是导致晚期诊断和治疗失败的原因之一。因此，彻底了解肿瘤异质性形成的分子机制至关重要。本综述旨在总结肿瘤异质性可能存在的分子层面，重点关注瘤内异质性，评估其对 HCC 诊断和治疗策略的深远影响，并探讨可用于最佳研究肿瘤异质性的适当临床前模型的适用性，从而为癌症治疗开辟新途径。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Cancer gene therapy 医学-生物工程与应用微生物

CiteScore

10.20

自引率

0.00%

发文量

150

审稿时长

4-8 weeks

期刊介绍： Cancer Gene Therapy is the essential gene and cellular therapy resource for cancer researchers and clinicians, keeping readers up to date with the latest developments in gene and cellular therapies for cancer. The journal publishes original laboratory and clinical research papers, case reports and review articles. Publication topics include RNAi approaches, drug resistance, hematopoietic progenitor cell gene transfer, cancer stem cells, cellular therapies, homologous recombination, ribozyme technology, antisense technology, tumor immunotherapy and tumor suppressors, translational research, cancer therapy, gene delivery systems (viral and non-viral), anti-gene therapy (antisense, siRNA & ribozymes), apoptosis; mechanisms and therapies, vaccine development, immunology and immunotherapy, DNA synthesis and repair. Cancer Gene Therapy publishes the results of laboratory investigations, preclinical studies, and clinical trials in the field of gene transfer/gene therapy and cellular therapies as applied to cancer research. Types of articles published include original research articles; case reports; brief communications; review articles in the main fields of drug resistance/sensitivity, gene therapy, cellular therapy, tumor suppressor and anti-oncogene therapy, cytokine/tumor immunotherapy, etc.; industry perspectives; and letters to the editor.