The combination of high-frequency QRS and ST-segment alterations during exercise stress tests enhanced the diagnostic efficacy for coronary artery disease

Abstract

Background

High-frequency QRS (HF-QRS) manifests as a novel adjunct electrocardiographic marker with potential utility in coronary artery disease (CAD) detection.

Hypothesis

We hypothesize that HF-QRS analysis may be superior to conventional ST-segment analysis in detecting CAD, and the combination of these two analyses in the exercise stress test may enhance the diagnostic efficacy for CAD.

Methods

The study incorporated a sample of 157 patients (mean age 62 $\pm$ 9 years) referred for nonemergent angiography. Before angiography, patients underwent exercise stress testing utilizing an upright bicycle. High-resolution electrocardiogram (ECG) data were collected during the exercise test, facilitating both HF-QRS and conventional ST-segment analyses. The diagnostic efficacy of HF-QRS and ST-segment analysis were compared, utilizing angiographic outcomes as the gold standard. The study design integrated HF-QRS analysis and ST-segment analysis via sequential and concurrent testing protocols.

Results

In terms of CAD detection, HF-QRS analysis displayed superior sensitivity compared to conventional ST-segment analysis (63% vs. 37%, p = .002). The serial test significantly increased specificity from 79% to 97% (p = .002) compared to ST-deviation analysis alone. It showed a markedly low sensitivity of 26%. The parallel test significantly increased sensitivity from 37% to 77% (p < .001), while retaining a moderate level of specificity of 51%. The quantity of ECG leads exhibiting a positive HF-QRS response demonstrated a correlation with the severity of CAD (p < .001).

Conclusions

HF-QRS analysis exhibited superior sensitivity in detecting angiographically confirmed CAD relative to conventional ST-segment analysis. Moreover, the combination of HF-QRS and ST-segment alterations during exercise stress test enhanced the diagnostic efficacy for CAD.