Radiographic anatomical description of the skeletal system of adult and subadult axolotls (Ambystoma mexicanum): a pilot study

Abstract

In this study, the use of radiographic imaging to examine the skeletal structures of living axolotls (Ambystoma mexicanum) is described. Dorsoventral and left lateral radiographs were taken of both healthy adult and subadult axolotls without restraint, directly on the X-ray table. The aim was to comprehensively describe their skeletal anatomy using radiographic assessment. The method accurately depicted bone shapes and structures, identifying bone names based on comparisons with similar salamanders. However, internal organs within the coelomic cavity were not clearly visible except for the lungs. Interpreting subadult axolotl radiographs was harder, likely due to less developed skeletal ossification or X-ray parameter variations. Variations were observed in the number of certain bones and vertebrae types among individuals. This method offers a non-invasive way to understand healthy animal skeletal appearance, eliminating the need for autopsies. The radiographic approach contributes to better understand axolotl skeletal morphology, benefiting comparative anatomy, veterinary medicine and conservation efforts.