Temperature-bounded development of Dirofilaria immitis larvae restricts the geographical distribution and seasonality of its transmission: case study and decision support system for canine heartworm management in Australia

IF 3.7 2区医学 Q1 PARASITOLOGY

International journal for parasitology Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI:10.1016/j.ijpara.2024.02.001

Peter J. Atkinson , Mark Stevenson , Ryan O'Handley , Torben Nielsen , Charles G.B. Caraguel

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Abstract

Dirofilaria immitis is the causative agent of canine heartworm disease. We used the established heartworm development unit (HDU) principle to map the extrinsic incubation period (EIP) of D. immitis in Australia using historical weather data from 2013–2022. We found weather conditions suitable for EIP completion showed substantial seasonality and geographical variability. Whilst a considerable percentage of the Australian territory showed suitable weather conditions to always support EIP completion (17%), only 2.7% of the 2021 Australian human population lived in this region. Therefore, 97% of the population lived in an area that changed its EIP suitability within the study period. EIP completion is required prior to D. immitis transmission, meaning that infection risk of D. immitis is seasonal and location-dependent, being disrupted each year for most of the human population’s dogs. We developed an online, open access tool allowing us to visualise EIP completion across Australia historically and in near real-time. We aim to support veterinarians to make risk-based recommendations for dirofilariosis prevention by using the tool, available at https://heartworm-mapping.adelaide.edu.au/shiny/.

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温限性潜伏二鞭毛虫幼虫的发育限制了其传播的地理分布和季节性：澳大利亚犬心丝虫管理的案例研究和决策支持系统。

水飞蓟马是犬心丝虫病的病原体。我们利用已建立的心丝虫发育单位（HDU）原理，使用 2013-2022 年的历史天气数据绘制了澳大利亚的白喉螺虫体外潜伏期（EIP）图。我们发现，适合完成 EIP 的天气条件具有很大的季节性和地域差异性。虽然澳大利亚境内有相当大比例的地区（17%）显示出始终支持 EIP 完成的适宜天气条件，但 2021 年澳大利亚仅有 2.7% 的人口生活在这一地区。因此，97% 的人口所居住的地区在研究期内改变了其 EIP 适宜性。在白喉螺菌传播之前，必须完成 EIP，这意味着白喉螺菌的感染风险具有季节性和地点依赖性，对于人类人口中的大多数狗来说，每年都会受到干扰。我们开发了一个在线开放访问工具，使我们能够近乎实时地直观了解澳大利亚各地的 EIP 完成情况。我们的目标是支持兽医通过使用该工具（可在 https://heartworm-mapping.adelaide.edu.au/shiny/ 上获取），为预防二螺旋体病提出基于风险的建议。注：与本文相关的补充数据。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

International journal for parasitology 医学-寄生虫学

CiteScore

8.40

自引率

2.50%

发文量

审稿时长

23 days

期刊介绍： International Journal for Parasitology offers authors the option to sponsor nonsubscriber access to their articles on Elsevier electronic publishing platforms. For more information please view our Sponsored Articles page. The International Journal for Parasitology publishes the results of original research in all aspects of basic and applied parasitology, including all the fields covered by its Specialist Editors, and ranging from parasites and host-parasite relationships of intrinsic biological interest to those of social and economic importance in human and veterinary medicine and agriculture.