A Spatially Diverse 2TX-3RX Galvanic-Coupled Transdural Telemetry for Tether-Less Distributed Brain–Computer Interfaces

Abstract

A near-field galvanic coupled transdural telemetry ASICs for intracortical brain-computer interfaces is presented. The proposed design features a two channels transmitter and three channels receiver (2TX-3RX) topology, which introduces spatial diversity to effectively mitigate misalignments (both lateral and rotational) between the brain and the skull and recovers the path loss by 13 dB when the RX is in the worst-case blind spot. This spatial diversity also allows the presented telemetry to support the spatial division multiplexing required for a high-capacity multi-implant distributed network. It achieves a signal-to-interference ratio of 12 dB, even with the adjacent interference node placed only 8 mm away from the desired link. While consuming only 0.33 mW for each channel, the presented RX achieves a wide bandwidth of 360 MHz and a low input referred noise of 13.21 nV/√ H z. The presented telemetry achieves a 270 Mbps data rate with a BER < 10 ⁻⁶ and an energy efficiency of 3.4 pJ/b and 3.7 pJ/b, respectively. The core footprint of the TX and RX modules is only 100 and 52 mm ² , respectively, minimizing the invasiveness of the surgery. The proposed transdural telemetry system has been characterized ex-vivo with a 7-mm thick porcine tissue.