{"title":"Should I stay or should I fly: Aerial dispersal in a funnel-web wolf spider from the grasslands of southern South America","authors":"Nadia Kacevas, Leticia Bidegaray-Batista, Noelia Gobel, Macarena González","doi":"10.1111/eth.13455","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ballooning is a mechanism of aerial dispersal present in some groups of spiders. By releasing silken threads that are blown by the wind, spiders can travel long distances through the air. <i>Aglaoctenus lagotis</i> is a wolf spider that lives its entire life associated with a funnel-web, despite the wandering habit that characterizes species in this family. We can find two forms of the species in Uruguay, one of them a strict inhabitant of grasslands of Uruguay. The high habitat specificity and the spiderlings observed surrounding the maternal web suggest a low aerial dispersal capacity in this species. In this study, we tested whether <i>A. lagotis</i> spiderlings are capable of dispersing by ballooning. We conducted laboratory and field experiments during the day and night, to record the occurrence of ballooning and typical behaviours that precede ballooning. We recorded ballooning both in the laboratory and in the field, and it was more frequent during the day. Although it has been reported repeatedly in species from this family, we never observed the pre-ballooning tip-toeing behaviour in <i>A. lagotis</i>. Ballooning was preceded by dropping on dragline, considered a behaviour that could generate aerial dispersion of lesser distance than that generated by the tip-toeing. In this paper, we shall discuss the implications of this form of aerial dispersal, considering that the species analysed is a web wolf spider.</p>","PeriodicalId":1,"journal":{"name":"Accounts of Chemical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":16.4000,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Accounts of Chemical Research","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/eth.13455","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Ballooning is a mechanism of aerial dispersal present in some groups of spiders. By releasing silken threads that are blown by the wind, spiders can travel long distances through the air. Aglaoctenus lagotis is a wolf spider that lives its entire life associated with a funnel-web, despite the wandering habit that characterizes species in this family. We can find two forms of the species in Uruguay, one of them a strict inhabitant of grasslands of Uruguay. The high habitat specificity and the spiderlings observed surrounding the maternal web suggest a low aerial dispersal capacity in this species. In this study, we tested whether A. lagotis spiderlings are capable of dispersing by ballooning. We conducted laboratory and field experiments during the day and night, to record the occurrence of ballooning and typical behaviours that precede ballooning. We recorded ballooning both in the laboratory and in the field, and it was more frequent during the day. Although it has been reported repeatedly in species from this family, we never observed the pre-ballooning tip-toeing behaviour in A. lagotis. Ballooning was preceded by dropping on dragline, considered a behaviour that could generate aerial dispersion of lesser distance than that generated by the tip-toeing. In this paper, we shall discuss the implications of this form of aerial dispersal, considering that the species analysed is a web wolf spider.
气球是某些蜘蛛类群的一种空中传播机制。通过释放被风吹动的丝线,蜘蛛可以在空中飞行很远的距离。狼蛛(Aglaoctenus lagotis)是一种终生与漏斗网生活在一起的狼蛛,尽管该科的蜘蛛都有流浪的习性。我们可以在乌拉圭找到两种形式的该物种,其中一种是乌拉圭草原上的严格居民。栖息地的高度特异性和在母蜘蛛网周围观察到的幼蛛表明,该物种的空中传播能力很低。在这项研究中,我们测试了 A. lagotis 蜘蛛幼体是否能够通过气球传播。我们在实验室和野外进行了昼夜实验,以记录气球飞行的发生和气球飞行前的典型行为。我们在实验室和野外都记录到了气球飞行,而且白天更为频繁。虽然气球行为在该科物种中屡有报道,但我们从未在 A. lagotis 身上观察到气球前的踮脚尖行为。气球飞行前会先落在拖绳上,这种行为产生的空中散布距离要小于趾尖飞行。考虑到本文分析的物种是网狼蛛,我们将在本文中讨论这种空中散布形式的影响。
期刊介绍:
Accounts of Chemical Research presents short, concise and critical articles offering easy-to-read overviews of basic research and applications in all areas of chemistry and biochemistry. These short reviews focus on research from the author’s own laboratory and are designed to teach the reader about a research project. In addition, Accounts of Chemical Research publishes commentaries that give an informed opinion on a current research problem. Special Issues online are devoted to a single topic of unusual activity and significance.
Accounts of Chemical Research replaces the traditional article abstract with an article "Conspectus." These entries synopsize the research affording the reader a closer look at the content and significance of an article. Through this provision of a more detailed description of the article contents, the Conspectus enhances the article's discoverability by search engines and the exposure for the research.