Reference intervals for various measurements of canine left atrial size and function obtained using two-dimensional and three-dimensional echocardiography

IF 1.5 2区 农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES
J. Treibert , J. Friederich , S. Fischer , H. Küchenhoff , G. Wess
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Many canine cardiac diseases are associated with left atrial (LA) remodeling and decreased function. For accurate assessment of LA indices, large-scale and prospectively determined reference intervals are necessary.

Objectives

To generate reference intervals of LA size and function using two-dimensional and three-dimensional echocardiography.

Animals

Two hundred and one healthy adult dogs.

Methods

Left atrial volume was assessed in right parasternal long-axis, left apical 4-chamber and 2-chamber views using monoplane Simpson’s method, two-dimensional and three-dimensional speckle tracking. Additionally, LA diameter was measured in right parasternal short-axis and long-axis views. Furthermore, LA function was determined by measuring strain and calculating LA fractional shortening and ejection fraction. All variables were tested for correlation to heart rate, age, and body weight. For LA diameter and volume, scaling exponents and prediction intervals were generated using allometric scaling. Reference intervals for LA function parameters were calculated using nonparametric methods.

Results

Left atrial diameter and volume showed a strong correlation with body weight. The scaling exponent for LA diameter was approximately 1/3 (0.34–0.40) and approximately 1 for volume measurements (0.97–1.26). Parameters of LA function showed no clinically relevant correlation with body weight, except for two variables, which showed a mild negative correlation. No clinically relevant correlations with age or heart rate were found.

Conclusions

Reference intervals for linear, two-dimensional and three-dimensional measurements of LA size and function were established. The wide range of measurement methods offers the opportunity to select the appropriate reference values for LA evaluation depending on the available technical possibilities.

使用二维和三维超声心动图对犬左心房大小和功能进行各种测量的参考区间
背景许多犬类心脏疾病都与左心房(LA)重塑和功能下降有关。方法使用单平面辛普森法、二维和三维斑点追踪法在右胸骨旁长轴切面、左心尖四腔切面和两腔切面评估左心房容积。此外,还在右胸骨旁短轴和长轴切面上测量了 LA 直径。此外,还通过测量应变、计算LA缩短率和射血分数来确定LA功能。所有变量均与心率、年龄和体重相关。对于 LA 直径和容积,使用异速缩放生成了缩放指数和预测区间。结果左心房直径和容积与体重有很强的相关性。LA 直径的比例指数约为 1/3(0.34-0.40),容积测量的比例指数约为 1(0.97-1.26)。LA 功能参数与体重没有临床相关性,只有两个变量与体重呈轻度负相关。结论确定了 LA 大小和功能的线性、二维和三维测量的参考区间。多种测量方法为根据现有的技术可能性选择合适的 LA 评估参考值提供了机会。
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来源期刊
Journal of Veterinary Cardiology
Journal of Veterinary Cardiology VETERINARY SCIENCES-
CiteScore
2.50
自引率
25.00%
发文量
66
审稿时长
154 days
期刊介绍: The mission of the Journal of Veterinary Cardiology is to publish peer-reviewed reports of the highest quality that promote greater understanding of cardiovascular disease, and enhance the health and well being of animals and humans. The Journal of Veterinary Cardiology publishes original contributions involving research and clinical practice that include prospective and retrospective studies, clinical trials, epidemiology, observational studies, and advances in applied and basic research. The Journal invites submission of original manuscripts. Specific content areas of interest include heart failure, arrhythmias, congenital heart disease, cardiovascular medicine, surgery, hypertension, health outcomes research, diagnostic imaging, interventional techniques, genetics, molecular cardiology, and cardiovascular pathology, pharmacology, and toxicology.
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