AMR Threat Perception Assessment of Heterotrophic Bacteria From Shrimp Aquaculture Through Epidemiological Cut off Values.

Ranjit Kumar Nadella, Satyen Kumar Panda, Anuj Kumar, Devananda Uchoi, Pankaj Kishore, Madhusudana Rao Badireddy, Pani Prasad Kuricheti, Ram Prakash Raman, Mukteswar Prasad Mothadaka
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Abstract

Background: Emergence and dissemination of antibiotic resistance is one of the major risks associated with the rampant usage of antibiotics in food-producing animals including aquaculture.

Objective: To determine Epidemiological Cut-OFF (ECOFF) values of heterotrophic bacterial populations from shrimp culture environments against five different antibiotics.

Methods: In this present study, bacterial samples were isolated from Penaeus vannamei culture environment in different locations of Andhra Pradesh, which is the aquaculture hub of India. The bacterial isolates were assessed for antibiotic resistance towards five antibiotics belonging to different classes (oxytetracycline, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, and co-trimoxazole) by the disc diffusion method. Determination of Epidemiological Cut-OFF (ECOFF) values and analysis by employing normalized resistance interpretation (NRI) was carried out.

Results: The most dominant bacterial populations from shrimp culture were Vibrio spp. (pathogenic bacteria) followed by Bacillus spp. (probiotic bacteria). The bacterial isolates showed highest resistance towards oxytetracycline (overall 23.38%) and in location L6 (59.4%) followed by co-trimoxazole (31.1%). ECOFF values calculated by employing NRI showed that the disc diffusion data were distributed in a normalized manner. The maximum ECOFF value was obtained for ciprofloxacin (23.32 mm), while the minimum value was observed for oxytetracycline (9.05 mm). The antibiotic resistant phenotypes showed that the majority of the heterotrophic bacterial isolates (>60%) belonged to the non-wild type phenotype and primarily towards oxytetracycline (90%).

Conclusion: The presence of non-wild antibiotic-resistant phenotypes of heterotrophic bacterial populations (which include not only pathogenic bacteria but also probiotic bacteria) indicates that shrimp culture ponds may be a reservoir for drug-resistant bacteria and there is a greater risk associated with transmission of resistant genes across bacterial flora.

Highlights: NRI analysis of antibiotic disc diffusion data of heterotrophic bacterial populations in shrimp aquaculture environments revealed that majority of them belonged to non-wild type (90%) paticularly to oxytetracycline in comparison to other studied antibiotics (chloramphenicol, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin and co-trimoxazole).

通过流行病学临界值评估对虾养殖中异养菌的 AMR 威胁感知。
背景:抗生素耐药性的产生和传播是包括水产养殖在内的食品生产动物大量使用抗生素的主要风险之一:确定对虾养殖环境中异养细菌种群对五种不同抗生素的流行病学临界值(ECOFF):本研究从印度水产养殖中心安得拉邦 12 个不同地点的凡纳滨对虾养殖环境中分离出 2304 种异养细菌。细菌分离物通过盘扩散法评估了对不同类别的五种抗生素(土霉素、氯霉素、红霉素、环丙沙星和共三唑)的耐药性。确定流行病学截止值(ECOFF),并采用归一化耐药性解释法(NRI)进行分析:结果:虾培养物中最主要的细菌种群包括弧菌(致病菌),其次是芽孢杆菌(益生菌)。细菌分离物对土霉素(总体 23.38%)和 L6(59.4%)的耐药性最高,其次是联合三唑(31.1%)。采用归一化抗药性解释法计算的 ECOFF 值表明,盘扩散数据呈归一化分布。环丙沙星的 ECOFF 值最大(23.32 毫米),而土霉素的 ECOFF 值最小(9.05 毫米)。耐药表型的区分表明,大多数异养细菌分离物(大于 60%)属于非野生表型,主要耐土霉素(90%):结论:异养细菌群体(不仅包括致病菌,还包括益生菌)中存在非野生抗生素耐药表型,这表明对虾养殖池塘可能是耐药细菌的储存库,耐药基因在细菌群中传播的风险更大:对虾养殖环境中异养细菌群的抗生素盘扩散数据进行的 NRI 分析表明,与氯霉素、红霉素、环丙沙星和共三唑相比,90% 的分离菌株对土霉素的耐药性属于非野生型表型。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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