{"title":"Historical institutionalism in action: Incremental prevalence of Transit-Oriented Development in Tokyo 1945-1982","authors":"Yudi Liu, Rikutaro Manabe, Ryoichi Nitanai, Akito Murayama","doi":"10.1016/j.progress.2024.100850","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) increasingly refers to global practices integrating land-use planning, urban development, and transit today, but their historical experiences have received little attention from the discussion, not to mention any theoretical elaboration with institutional thinking. The literature identifies Tokyo as a global exemplar of TOD as a new term for enduring practice. However, why and how Tokyo’s practice uniquely relies on private railway conglomerates remains underexplored. This article elaborates on a historical institutionalist approach using an inductive process tracing technique to understand Tokyo’s postwar history from 1945 to 1982, emphasizing incremental changes induced by endogenous forces. The exploration takes precedent insights into the private railway conglomerate-led TOD practice as an informal institution of “standard operating practice” and refines them with postwar history and supplementary prewar episodes. It finds that contingent policy choices allowed conglomerates to dismantle their geographical and financial constraints from prewar regulations. The actions reinforced their institutional privilege in public affairs as a foundation for subversive railway privatization reforms from 1982 onward. The finding thus identifies a socio-political dimension of TOD shaped by agents across sectors, developing the current methodology in planning studies and contributing to the debates on defining TOD.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47399,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Progress in Planning","FirstCategoryId":"96","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305900624000084","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) increasingly refers to global practices integrating land-use planning, urban development, and transit today, but their historical experiences have received little attention from the discussion, not to mention any theoretical elaboration with institutional thinking. The literature identifies Tokyo as a global exemplar of TOD as a new term for enduring practice. However, why and how Tokyo’s practice uniquely relies on private railway conglomerates remains underexplored. This article elaborates on a historical institutionalist approach using an inductive process tracing technique to understand Tokyo’s postwar history from 1945 to 1982, emphasizing incremental changes induced by endogenous forces. The exploration takes precedent insights into the private railway conglomerate-led TOD practice as an informal institution of “standard operating practice” and refines them with postwar history and supplementary prewar episodes. It finds that contingent policy choices allowed conglomerates to dismantle their geographical and financial constraints from prewar regulations. The actions reinforced their institutional privilege in public affairs as a foundation for subversive railway privatization reforms from 1982 onward. The finding thus identifies a socio-political dimension of TOD shaped by agents across sectors, developing the current methodology in planning studies and contributing to the debates on defining TOD.
如今,以公交为导向的发展(TOD)越来越多地指整合土地使用规划、城市发展和公交的全球实践,但其历史经验却很少受到讨论的关注,更不用说任何具有制度思考的理论阐述了。文献将东京视为 TOD 的全球典范,将其作为持久实践的新术语。然而,东京的实践为何以及如何独特地依赖于私营铁路企业集团仍未得到充分探讨。本文阐述了一种历史制度主义方法,使用归纳式过程追踪技术来理解东京从 1945 年到 1982 年的战后历史,强调内生力量引起的渐进式变化。文章将私营铁路企业集团主导的 TOD 实践作为 "标准操作实践 "的非正式制度,并结合战后历史和战前补充事件对其进行了完善。研究发现,偶然的政策选择使企业集团得以解除战前法规对其地理和财务方面的限制。这些行动强化了它们在公共事务中的制度特权,为 1982 年以后颠覆性的铁路私有化改革奠定了基础。因此,研究结果确定了由跨部门代理人塑造的 TOD 的社会政治维度,发展了当前的规划研究方法,并为界定 TOD 的争论做出了贡献。
期刊介绍:
Progress in Planning is a multidisciplinary journal of research monographs offering a convenient and rapid outlet for extended papers in the field of spatial and environmental planning. Each issue comprises a single monograph of between 25,000 and 35,000 words. The journal is fully peer reviewed, has a global readership, and has been in publication since 1972.