In addition to early biomarkers, what else can be done with urine?

Abstract

Biomarkers are measurable changes associated with physiological or pathophysiological processes in the body. Many types of biomarkers can accumulate in urine, which is not strictly subjected to homeostatic control. Therefore, it can reflect changes in the body earlier and more sensitively than other biomarker sources. Promising progress has been made in research on finding early biomarkers of diseases by using urine proteomics. In this review, we summarize our laboratory's research using urine proteomics in areas closely related to human health, with the aim of comprehensively demonstrating the great potential of urine proteomics in other areas in addition to early biomarkers.