B cell responses to SARS-CoV-2

3区 生物学 Q2 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Asiya Kamber Zaidi, Sanchit Bajpai, Puya Dehgani-Mobaraki
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

This chapter provides an overview of B cell responses in COVID-19, highlighting the structure of SARS-CoV-2 and its impact on B cell immunity. It explores the production and maturation of SARS-CoV-2-specific B cells, with a focus on the two distinct phases of the humoral immune response: the extrafollicular (EF) phase and the germinal center (GC) phase. Furthermore, the interplay between B cells, follicular T helper cells, CD4+ T cells, and plasma cells is discussed, emphasizing their collaborative role in mounting an effective humoral immune response against SARS-CoV-2. The concept of immunological memory is explored, highlighting the roles of plasma cells and B memory cells in providing long-term protection. The chapter delves into the antibody response during SARS-CoV-2 infection, categorizing the types of antibodies generated. This includes a detailed analysis of neutralizing antibodies, such as those directed against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) and the N-terminal domain (NTD), as well as non-neutralizing antibodies. The role of mucosal antibodies, cross-reactive antibodies, and auto-reactive antibodies is also discussed. Factors influencing the dynamics of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies are examined, including the duration and strength of the humoral response. Additionally, the chapter highlights the impact of the Omicron variant on humoral immune responses and its implications for vaccine efficacy and antibody-mediated protection.

B 细胞对 SARS-CoV-2 的反应
本章概述 COVID-19 中的 B 细胞反应,重点介绍 SARS-CoV-2 的结构及其对 B 细胞免疫的影响。它探讨了 SARS-CoV-2 特异性 B 细胞的产生和成熟,重点是体液免疫反应的两个不同阶段:滤泡外(EF)阶段和生殖中心(GC)阶段。此外,还讨论了 B 细胞、滤泡 T 辅助细胞、CD4+ T 细胞和浆细胞之间的相互作用,强调它们在针对 SARS-CoV-2 发起有效的体液免疫反应中的协同作用。本章探讨了免疫记忆的概念,强调了浆细胞和 B 记忆细胞在提供长期保护方面的作用。本章深入探讨了 SARS-CoV-2 感染期间的抗体反应,对产生的抗体类型进行了分类。其中包括对中和抗体(如针对受体结合域(RBD)和 N 端域(NTD)的抗体)和非中和抗体的详细分析。此外,还讨论了粘膜抗体、交叉反应抗体和自身反应抗体的作用。研究了影响抗 SARS-CoV-2 抗体动态的因素,包括体液反应的持续时间和强度。此外,本章还强调了 Omicron 变体对体液免疫反应的影响及其对疫苗功效和抗体介导的保护作用的影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
6.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
0
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science (PMBTS) provides in-depth reviews on topics of exceptional scientific importance. If today you read an Article or Letter in Nature or a Research Article or Report in Science reporting findings of exceptional importance, you likely will find comprehensive coverage of that research area in a future PMBTS volume.
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