NAVIGATING THE LANDSCAPE OF ADJUVANTS FOR SUBUNIT VACCINES: RECENT ADVANCES AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES

Q2 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics

International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2024-01-07 DOI:10.22159/ijap.2024v16i1.49563

Fredmoore L. Orosco, Llewelyn M. Espiritu

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Abstract

The development of effective subunit vaccines relies on the incorporation of adjuvants to enhance immune responses and improve vaccine efficacy. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the various adjuvants employed in subunit vaccine development, with an emphasis on liposome-based, carbohydrate-based, polymer-based, and nanoparticle-based adjuvants. Additionally, the general concept of vaccine adjuvants, their classification into different types, and the underlying molecular mechanisms by which they exert their immunostimulatory effects are discussed. The use of adjuvants in subunit vaccine development has revolutionized immunization strategies by enhancing vaccine efficacy and inducing robust immune responses. Further research is needed to understand the safety profiles of adjuvants, elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms, and optimize the adjuvant formulations. By harnessing the power of adjuvants, we can advance the development of effective subunit vaccines against infectious diseases and malignancies, thereby contributing to global health outcomes.

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亚单位疫苗佐剂的前景：最新进展与未来展望

有效亚单位疫苗的开发有赖于佐剂的加入，以增强免疫反应和提高疫苗效力。本文全面综述了亚单位疫苗研发中使用的各种佐剂，重点介绍了脂质体类、碳水化合物类、聚合物类和纳米颗粒类佐剂。此外，还讨论了疫苗佐剂的一般概念、不同类型佐剂的分类及其发挥免疫刺激作用的基本分子机制。亚单位疫苗开发中佐剂的使用通过提高疫苗效力和诱导强有力的免疫反应彻底改变了免疫策略。要了解佐剂的安全性、阐明其分子机制并优化佐剂配方，还需要进一步的研究。通过利用佐剂的力量，我们可以推动针对传染病和恶性肿瘤的有效亚单位疫苗的开发，从而为全球健康做出贡献。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics-Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (miscellaneous)

CiteScore

1.40

自引率

0.00%

发文量

219

期刊介绍： International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics (Int J App Pharm) is a peer-reviewed, bimonthly (onward March 2017) open access journal devoted to the excellence and research in the pure pharmaceutics. This Journal publishes original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in conventional dosage forms, formulation development and characterization, controlled and novel drug delivery, biopharmaceutics, pharmacokinetics, molecular drug design, polymer-based drug delivery, nanotechnology, nanocarrier based drug delivery, novel routes and modes of delivery; responsive delivery systems, prodrug design, development and characterization of the targeted drug delivery systems, ligand carrier interactions etc. However, the other areas which are related to the pharmaceutics are also entertained includes physical pharmacy and API (active pharmaceutical ingredients) analysis. The Journal publishes original research work either as a Original Article or as a Short Communication. Review Articles on a current topic in the said fields are also considered for publication in the Journal.