Bioarchaeological Evidence of Violence between the Middle and Late Formative (500–400 BC) in the Peruvian North-Central Coast

IF 1.1 3区 地球科学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY
Luis Pezo-Lanfranco, María Inés Barreto Romero, José Filippini, Aldemar Crispín, Marco Machacuay, Pedro Novoa, Ruth Shady
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Abstract

In this study, we address interpersonal violence during the transition between the Middle and the Late Formative periods in the Central Andes, a critical period of political disintegration, hypothesized population pressure, and reorganization of the belief systems that is poorly known from a bioarchaeological viewpoint. Our objective is to understand the nature of the violence and associated factors in this context based on a detailed description of skeletal trauma in 67 well-preserved individuals (20 adolescents and adults and 47 subadults) recovered from Quebrada Chupacigarro cemetery (500–400 BC); this site is located in the middle valley of Supe on the Peruvian north-central coast. To detect patterns and potential causes, we registered the prevalence of traumatic injury according to age, sex, anatomic location, mechanisms (blunt, sharp, mixed, etc.), timing (antemortem or perimortem), and manner (inflicted or accidental). The results show a high prevalence of fractures in the whole population, but especially in adolescents and adults. Eighty percent of the adolescents and adults perished due to the intentional trauma and show patterns that suggest repetitive episodes of interpersonal violence. Perimortem injuries in the skull, face, and thorax are compatible with lethal interpersonal violence. The findings support a probable scenario of intercommunity violence in the middle valley of Supe around 500–400 BC.
秘鲁中北岸形成期中晚期(公元前 500-400 年)暴力事件的生物考古学证据
在这项研究中,我们探讨了中安第斯地区形成期中期和晚期过渡时期的人际暴力问题,这是一个政治解体、人口压力和信仰体系重组的关键时期,从生物考古学的角度来看,人们对这一时期知之甚少。该遗址位于秘鲁中北部海岸的苏佩中部山谷,我们的目标是通过详细描述从 Quebrada Chupacigarro 墓地(公元前 500-400 年)发掘的 67 个保存完好的个体(20 个青少年和成年人以及 47 个亚成体)的骨骼创伤,了解这一背景下暴力的性质和相关因素。为了检测创伤的模式和潜在原因,我们根据年龄、性别、解剖位置、机制(钝器、锐器、混合器等)、时间(死前或死后)和方式(人为或意外)对创伤的发生率进行了登记。结果显示,骨折在整个人群中的发病率很高,尤其是在青少年和成年人中。80%的青少年和成年人死于故意伤害,并显示出人际暴力重复发生的模式。颅骨、面部和胸部的死前损伤与致命的人际暴力相符。研究结果支持公元前 500-400 年左右苏佩中部山谷可能发生的族群间暴力事件。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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CiteScore
2.00
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75
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