René-Edouard Claparède (1832–1871), Genevan naturalist and early adopter of Darwin's theory of evolution

IF 0.3 4区 哲学 Q3 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
J. Hollier, A. Hollier
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

René-Edouard Claparède was a ground-breaking Swiss naturalist specializing primarily in invertebrate embryology and the study of Protista and Annelida. While a student in Berlin he was encouraged by Christian Ehrenberg to use the latest microscopes and became renowned as a skilful observer and illustrator of the smallest organisms then known and of tiny anatomical details. A popular lecturer in zoology and comparative anatomy in his home town of Geneva, he nonetheless encountered difficulties in that city, still considered the “Protestant Rome”, due to his strong support for Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection. His involvement in the first French translation of On the origin of species ( Darwin 1862 ) proved problematic too, although his remark, “It is better to be an improved ape than a degenerate Adam,” became a catchphrase in discussions of this contentious debate. Premature death meant that Claparède's work was quickly surpassed in many areas, but the diversity of his many publications, given here in the most complete bibliography compiled to date, is a testament to a widely respected, although overshadowed, naturalist.
勒内-爱德华-克拉帕雷德(1832-1871),日内瓦博物学家,达尔文进化论的早期接受者
勒内-爱德华-克拉帕雷德是瑞士一位开创性的博物学家,主要从事无脊椎动物胚胎学以及原生动物和无脊椎动物的研究。在柏林求学期间,他在克里斯蒂安-艾伦伯格(Christian Ehrenberg)的鼓励下使用最新的显微镜,成为当时已知最小生物和微小解剖细节的娴熟观察者和插图画家。在他的家乡日内瓦,他是动物学和比较解剖学方面颇受欢迎的讲师。然而,由于他坚决支持查尔斯-达尔文的自然选择进化论,他在这座仍被视为 "新教罗马 "的城市遇到了困难。他参与了《物种起源》(达尔文,1862 年)的第一个法文译本的翻译工作,尽管他的一句 "与其做一个退化的亚当,不如做一个改良的猿 "成为了这场争论中的一句名言,但他的参与也被证明是有问题的。早逝意味着克拉帕雷德的作品在许多领域很快就被超越,但他的许多著作(这是迄今为止最完整的书目)的多样性证明了他是一位广受尊敬的自然学家,尽管他的光芒已被掩盖。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Archives of Natural History
Archives of Natural History HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE-
CiteScore
0.40
自引率
50.00%
发文量
34
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Archives of Natural History (formerly the Journal of the Society for the Bibliography of Natural History) publishes peer-reviewed papers on the history and bibliography of natural history in its broadest sense, and in all periods and all cultures. This is taken to include botany, general biology, geology, palaeontology and zoology, the lives of naturalists, their publications, correspondence and collections, and the institutions and societies to which they belong. Bibliographical papers concerned with the study of rare books, manuscripts and illustrative material, and analytical and enumerative bibliographies are also published.
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