Analysis of Salivary Levels of IL-8 and IL-34 in Periodontitis Patients: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the salivary levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and interleukin-34 (IL-34) among patients with periodontitis and healthy individuals. Methods: Thirty participants with periodontitis and 30 healthy individuals were enrolled in this study. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine salivary levels of IL-8 and IL-34, blindly. Statistical analysis was carried out by unequal variances t-test (Welch’s t-test) and the Pearson correlation coefficient using R software. Result: Statistically significant differences were found between participants with periodontitis and healthy subjects regarding salivary levels of IL-8 (P = 0.012) and IL-34 (P < 0.001). There was a non-significant (P > 0.05) correlation between salivary levels of IL-8 and IL-34 and periodontal parameters, including plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment loss. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, the salivary levels of IL-8 and IL-34 were higher among participants with periodontitis in comparison with healthy subjects. In the periodontitis group, salivary levels of IL-8 and IL-34 were not correlated with clinical indicators of periodontitis.