Evaluation of the Source Concentration of Particulate Matter and Gaseous Emissions from Cement Milling and Grinding Facilities in Athi River, Machakos County, Kenya

Abstract

In this study, two cement factories in Athi River, Machakos County, in Kenya, were selected to determine the source concentrations of particulate matter and flue gases emitted into the environment and their subsequent downwind dispersion. Cement Factory 1 (CF1) contained one sampling point (Stack 1) and Cement Factory 2 (CF2) contained two points (Stacks 2a and 2b). Particulate matter was sampled isokinetically using an isokinetic Source Sampler-XC-572-V and its concentration was determined gravimetrically. Flue gas sampling and determination of concentration were done using an Emission Analyser E6000-5SC. The sampling procedures were based on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standard methods. Unlike carbon dioxide (24062±3340 mg/Nm3) from CF1, the stack emission concentration showed that the concentrations of particulate matter, carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides from both cement factories were below the permissible limits under the Environmental Management and Coordination (Air Quality) Regulation, (EMCA) 2014 and World Health Organization (WHO) Air Quality Guidelines, 2021.